2019
DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2018.08.029
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Preparation and performance investigation of a lignin-based solid acid catalyst manufactured from olive cake for biodiesel production

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Cited by 96 publications
(22 citation statements)
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“…Sulfonated carbon acid catalysts can be easily prepared by processes, like the incomplete carbonization of aromatic compounds in concentrated H 2 SO 4 (ref. 340) or sulfonation of incompletely carbonized natural organic matter, such as sugar [341][342][343] and cellulosic materials. 344,345 Sulfonation can also be achieved by treating the carbon material with a sulfonating reagent, such as gaseous SO 3 , ClSO 3 H, p-toluenesulfonic acid, 4-benzenediazonium sulfonate or SO 3 H-containing aryl diazoniums.…”
Section: àmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Sulfonated carbon acid catalysts can be easily prepared by processes, like the incomplete carbonization of aromatic compounds in concentrated H 2 SO 4 (ref. 340) or sulfonation of incompletely carbonized natural organic matter, such as sugar [341][342][343] and cellulosic materials. 344,345 Sulfonation can also be achieved by treating the carbon material with a sulfonating reagent, such as gaseous SO 3 , ClSO 3 H, p-toluenesulfonic acid, 4-benzenediazonium sulfonate or SO 3 H-containing aryl diazoniums.…”
Section: àmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…350 The functionalized acidic carbons from inexpensive sources, including natural organic carbon matter (such as sugars, carbohydrates, cellulosic materials, and lignin), have been achieved by several researchers. 341,[351][352][353] Besides this, agro waste such as husk, straw, seed cover, cow manure, corn cob, 342,343,354,355 carbonaceous waste from industries (char, oil pitch, coke, glycerol) 346,348,356,357 and polymer resins 349,358,359 were also used. Various carbon supports (e.g., zeolite-templated carbons, mesoporous carbons, active carbon) 352,353,360,361 and more recently nanostructured carbons (such as graphene, graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, and carbon dots) 362-367 have been exploited for the same purpose.…”
Section: àmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…4 that these catalysts have good reusability up to 4 cycle, whereas efficiency dropped sharply to 65% and 40% in the 5th and 6th cycle, respectively. The decrease in catalytic activity with each cycle could due to the blockage of catalyst active sites because of the deposition of glycerol, free fatty acids and leaching of –SO 3 H from biochar [ 46 48 ].
Fig.
…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…SO3H-functionalized acidic carbon materials are considered as a new group of the metalfree solid acid catalyst described by their original carbon structure and Brønsted acidity equivalent to concentrated H2SO4. Sulfonated carbon acid catalysts can be easily prepared by processes like incomplete carbonization of aromatic compounds in concentrated H2SO4 340 or sulfonation of incompletely carbonized natural organic matter, such as sugar [341][342][343] and cellulosic materials. 344,345 Sulfonation can also be achieved by treating carbon material with a sulfonating reagent such as gaseous SO3, ClSO3H, p-toluenesulfonic acid, 4-benzenediazonium sulfonate or SO3H-containing aryl diazoniums etc.…”
Section: Sulfonated Carbon-based Catalystmentioning
confidence: 99%