Preparation and rheological characterization of a gel form of the porcine urinary bladder matrix

Creation of an injectable in situ gelling native extracellular matrix for nucleus pulposus tissue engineering

“…Injectable in situ gelling matrices are the most viable therapeutic option to prevent damage to the anulus fibrosus and future disc degeneration. Substantial work has been performed in other tissue types to create injectable in situ gelling decellularized matrices [37,51,54], but no work exists in the IVD. To date, the only injectable decellularized nucleus pulposus was developed by IllienJünger et al [47].…”

“…After a tissue has been decellularized, it is possible to turn the tissue into an injectable in situ gelling biomaterial [37,51], which would enable an easier therapeutic delivery with minimally invasive surgery. For IVD, an injectable in situ gelling material would support delivery through a fine gauge needle with no disruption of the anulus fibrosus, while also enabling formation of a gel capable of supplementing load bearing of the nucleus pulposus.…”

“…For IVD, an injectable in situ gelling material would support delivery through a fine gauge needle with no disruption of the anulus fibrosus, while also enabling formation of a gel capable of supplementing load bearing of the nucleus pulposus. Works by Freytes et al and Singelyn et al document the early processes to solubilize decellularized urinary bladder matrix and heart tissue, enabling in situ gelation by using pepsin in hydrochloric acid [37,51]. Kwon et al used pepsin in acetic acid to solubilize cartilage [52].…”

Acetylated bacterial cellulose coated with urinary bladder matrix as a substrate for retinal pigment epithelium

“…UBM extraction was performed according to the method reported by Freytes et al [23] and consists in separating the basement membrane of the urothelial cells and subjacent lamina propria from porcine bladders (kindly provided by a local slaughterhouse). After being washed with PBS solution and sterile water, UBM sheets were lyophilized, triturated, and kept at -20 °C until use.…”

“…In fact, BC has shown to be an interesting and versatile biomaterial, particularly in tissueengineered applications (tissue scaffolds and drug delivery systems) for the regeneration of damaged or diseased tissues and organs [19][20][21]. Also, UBM has been widely studied in several pre-clinical studies as a biologic scaffold for the reconstruction of damaged tissues [22][23][24][25][26][27][28].…”