Preparation and utilization of a molecularly imprinted polymer for solid phase extraction of tramadol

Abstract

Abstract:In this paper, a highly selective molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) for tramadol hydrochloride, a drug used to treat moderate to severe pain, was prepared and its use as solid-phase extraction (SPE) sorbent was demonstrated. The molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction procedure followed by high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detector (MISPE-HPLC) was developed for selective extraction and determination of tramadol in human plasma and urine. The optimal conditions for molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction (MISPE) consisted of conditioning with 1 mL methanol and 1 mL of deionized water at neutral pH, loading of tramadol sample (50 µg L −1 ) at pH 7.5, washing using 1mL acetone and elution with 3×1 mL of 10% (v/v) acetic acid in methanol. The MIP selectivity was evaluated by checking several substances with similar molecular structures to that of tramadol. Results from the HPLC analyses showed that the calibration curve of tramadol (using MIP from human plasma and urine) is linear in the ranges of 6-100 and 3-120 µg L −1 with good precisions (1.9% and 2.9% for 5.0 µg L −1 ), respectively. The recoveries for plasma and urine samples were higher than 81%.

Molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles for olanzapine recognition: application for solid phase extraction and sustained release

“…Moreover providing an approach in terms of bypassing the BBB and targeting the receptor site to achieve desired OLZ concentration at its site of action appears beneficial. For a study of extraction of solid phase by MIPs, it should be stated that a few types of extraction methods are routinely used in analytical toxicology, such as liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) [35], liquid-liquid micro-extraction (LLME) [36][37], solid phase extraction (SPE) [38], solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME) [39], and molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction (MISPE) [40][41][42]. Although SPE is the most convenient method for extraction due to its simplicity in terms of, labor intensive and solvent consuming, MISPE is currently a growing field in clean up techniques for the analysis of biological samples.…”

Synthesis of molecularly imprinted polymer as a sorbent for solid phase extraction of citalopram from human serum and urine

“…A degassed mixture of acetonitrile: phosphate buffer (0.01 mol L -1 , pH 3.0) (30:70) at a flow rate of 1.1 mL min -1 was selected as a mobile phase [33]. All of the analyses were carried out at an operation wavelength of 239 nm and the results were recorded by Millennium chromatography software.…”

“…Recently, we applied MIP as new carrier for controlled release of tramadol [30], Bromhexine [31], Citalopram [32] and SPE of tramadol [33]. In this article we present a novel method for the performance evaluation of citalopram based MIPs as selective SPE sorbents for efficient sample clean up and followed determination of citalopram from complex matrices by high performance liquid chromatography.…”

Synthesis of Surface Molecularly Imprinting Polymers for Methylphenidate and its Application in Separating Methylphenidate

“…Less polar solvents such as chloroform or hexane increase complex formation, facilitating polar non-covalent interactions such as hydrogen bonding. On the other hand, more polar solvents tend to dissociate the non-covalent interactions in the pre-polymer complex, especially protic solvents which leads to a high degree of disruption to hydrogen bonds [20][21][22]. In this work, two organic solvents (hexane and acetic acid) were tested as the polymerization solvents for optimization of molecular imprinting procedure (Figure 2).…”

“…Batch adsorption involves analysis of an MIP in a solution of substrate [19]. Therefore, in this research binding properties of polymers were studied in a conventional batch adsorption method [9,20]. Two MAA/MPH ratios (5 and 10) in two polymerization solvents To fulfill this goal, water was selected as loading solvent in MISPE procedure [18].…”