Preparation, evaluation, and in vitro release study of O‐carboxymethyl chitosan nanoparticles loaded with gentamicin and salicylic acid

Abstract

To inhibit the ototoxicity of gentamicin (GM) and overcome the drawback related to chitosan (CS) nanoparticles preparation in acid solution, O-carboxymethyl chitosan (O-CMC) nanoparticles loaded with GM and salicylic acid (SA) were prepared by ionic cross-linking method using calcium chloride as crosslinking agent. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to analyze the reaction of O-CMC and crosslinking agent. The parameters of preparation of the compound nanoparticles including the concentration of O-CMC, the mass ratio of O-CMC to calcium chloride, and the feed ratio of SA to GM were investigated. The results showed that the obtained nanoparticles had a high zeta potential and drug-loading capacity. The nanoparticles were characterized by a spherical morphology, with average size ranging from 148 to 345 nm and a narrow particle size distribution. In vitro release studies in phosphate buffer saline (pH 7.4) evidenced a burst release in the first 1 h, followed by a sustained release in the residual time. The release amount of SA and GM were approximately equal in 24 h, which indicated that the SA-and GM-loaded O-CMC nanoparticles are a promising carrier system for inhibiting the ototoxicity of GM.

An overview of carboxymethyl derivatives of chitosan: Their use as biomaterials and drug delivery systems

“…The salicylic acid and gentamicin entrapment efficiency rates were~90 and 95%, respectively. The in vitro release experiments performed at pH 7.4 in phosphate buffer revealed a burst drug release in the first 1 h, followed by the controlled release of the drugs for up to 24 h. The release profiles were fitted to the Korsmeyer-Peppas model and these results suggests that the n values of both drugs were b0.5, indicating that the drug release was governed by a non-Fickian or anomalous diffusion [106].…”

Assessment of carboxymethyl chitosan loaded-amygdalin nanoparticles as biocompatible drug delivery vehicle for anti-tumor efficacy

“…The strong bands at 1583cm − 1 and 1401 cm − 1 corresponded to the N-H bending and COO − stretching vibration, respectively. The bands at 1320 cm − 1 and 1060 cm − 1 corresponded to stretching of C-O groups [21].…”

Preparation and characterisation of gallic acid loaded carboxymethyl chitosan nanoparticles as drug delivery system for cancer treatment

“…The CMC NPs sample has a strong ε′ frequency dependence, and the conductivity deviates from DC plateau, which refers to electrode polarisation effects in the low Table 1. FTIR band assignment for GA [22,23] and CMC NPs [24].…”