Preparation of Activated Carbon Fibers by Chemical Activation Method with Hydroxides

Moon, Seong‐Yong; Kim, Myoung Soo; Hahm, Hyun Sik; Lim, Youn-Mook

doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.510-511.750

Cited by 17 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…6KOH + 2C → 2K + 3H 2 +2K 2 CO 3 (5) Our previous studies [16,17] showed that, in the low temperature region (<600…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…It is generally produced from raw materials with high carbon content, such as petroleum coke (PC) and anthracite, by alkaline hydroxides such as NaOH and KOH activation. In most cases, KOH is chosen as the activation agent because it exhibits superior activation activity than NaOH [5], yielding an AC with a higher specific surface area and a more abundant pore structure. In this process, a large amount of KOH, i.e., a high ratio of KOH to the carbonaceous feedstock, has to be used, which leads to high production costs, reactor corrosion and safety risks [6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preparation of High Specific Surface Area Activated Carbon from Petroleum Coke by KOH Activation in a Rotary Kiln

Wang,

2024

Processes

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In the preparation of high specific surface area activated carbon (AC) by KOH activation, the swelling of the reactant mixture and the particles’ agglomeration deteriorates the process and the property of product. In this study, a novel method using a rotary kiln loaded with steel balls has been developed for the preparation of AC from petroleum coke (PC) by KOH activation. It has been found that the molten KOH caused the swelling of the reaction mixture at a lower activation temperature, while the molten K2O led to the particles’ agglomeration at a higher temperature. The steel balls could relieve the swelling and agglomeration and enhance the pore structure development of the AC by boosting the heat and mass transfer in the reactor. At an activation temperature of 800 °C and a KOH/PC mass ratio of 3:1, the specific surface area of the AC obtained without the addition of steel balls in the kiln is 1492 m2/g, while that with the steel balls is 1996 m2/g. The introduction of CO2 during the activation could further decrease the particles’ agglomeration by converting the K2O into thermoset K2CO3 and develop more mesopores of AC. Specifically, the average pore size of the AC increased from 2.20 to 2.72 nm.

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“…6KOH + 2C → 2K + 3H 2 +2K 2 CO 3 (5) Our previous studies [16,17] showed that, in the low temperature region (<600…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of High Specific Surface Area Activated Carbon from Petroleum Coke by KOH Activation in a Rotary Kiln

Wang,

2024

Processes

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“…Activated carbon fiber, a relatively new adsorbent, offers wonderful adsorption properties, such as faster adsorption rate, longer life and lower pressure drop, in comparison with traditional granular activated carbon. Therefore, it is widely used in separation of gases, recovery of solvents, catalyst support and removal of organic pollutants from drinking water [5,6]. The most widely used precursors for activated carbon fibers are rayon, pitch and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers.…”

Section: Properties Of Electrospun Polyacrylonitrile Membranes and Chemically-activated Carbon Nanofibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of Electrospun Polyacrylonitrile Membranes and Chemically-activated Carbon Nanofibers

Liu

Adanur

2009

Textile Research Journal

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Electrospinning was used to make activated carbon nanofibers with polyacrylonitrile (PAN) as the precursor. The applied voltage was found to be more influential on electrospun PAN fiber diameters than the flow rate and needle tip-collector distance. Tensile load and tear strength of electrospun PAN membranes increased with thickness, accompanied with a decrease in air permeability; however, burst strength was not significantly influenced by the thickness. Electrospun PAN nanofiber membranes were stabilized in air and then activated at 800°C with KOH as the activating agent to make activated carbon nanofibers. Stabilized PAN membranes showed different breaking behaviors from those before stabilization. The maximum tensile stress of the stabilized PAN membranes from different concentrations was affected differently by the stabilization process. The resulting activated carbon nanofibers had no C ≡ N bond. The activation process generated micropores which contributed to a large surface area of 936.2 m2/g and a micropore volume of 0.59 cc/g. Pore size distributions of electrospun PAN and activated carbon nanofibers were analyzed based on the Dubinin-Astakhov equation and the generalized Halsey equation. The results showed that activated carbon nanofibers had many more micropores than electrospun PAN, increasing their potential applications in adsorption.

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Using Nitroxides to Enhance Carbon Fiber Interfacial Adhesion and as an Anchor for “Graft to” Surface Modification Strategies

Eyckens

Adcock

Blinco

et al. 2023

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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Nitroxide groups covalently grafted to carbon fibers are used as anchoring sites for TEMPO‐terminated polymers (poly‐n‐butylacrylate and polystyrene) in a “graft to” surface modification strategy. All surface‐modified fibers are evaluated for their physical properties, showing that several treatments have enhanced the tensile strength and Young's modulus compared to the control fibers. Up to an 18% increase in tensile strength and 12% in Young's modulus are observed. Similarly, the evaluation of interfacial shear strength in an epoxy polymer shows improvements of up to 144% relative to the control sample. Interestingly, the polymer‐grafted surfaces show smaller increases in interfacial shear strength compared to surfaces modified with a small molecule only. This counterintuitive result is attributed to the incompatibility, both chemical and physical, of the grafted polymers to the surrounding epoxy matrix. Molecular dynamics simulations of the interface suggest that the diminished increase in mechanical shear strength observed for the polymer grafted surfaces may be due to the lack of exposed chain ends, whereas the small molecule grafted interface exclusively presents chain ends to the resin interface, resulting in good improvements in mechanical properties.

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Preparation of Activated Carbon Fibers by Chemical Activation Method with Hydroxides

Cited by 17 publications

References 10 publications

Preparation of High Specific Surface Area Activated Carbon from Petroleum Coke by KOH Activation in a Rotary Kiln

Preparation of High Specific Surface Area Activated Carbon from Petroleum Coke by KOH Activation in a Rotary Kiln

Properties of Electrospun Polyacrylonitrile Membranes and Chemically-activated Carbon Nanofibers

Using Nitroxides to Enhance Carbon Fiber Interfacial Adhesion and as an Anchor for “Graft to” Surface Modification Strategies

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