Preparation of hybrid WO3–TiO2 nanotube photoelectrodes using anodization and wet impregnation: Improved water-splitting hydrogen generation performance

Lai, Chin Wei; Sreekantan, Srimala

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.12.025

Cited by 113 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Among WO 3 electrodes, thin film morphology presented the highest hydrogen generation rate of 0.13 mmol h −1 [236] followed by nanoflakes (28 μmol h −1 cm −2 ) [235] and nanoporous (9.5 μmol h −1 ) [237] structures. When nanocrystalline Ag is incorporated in WO 3 porous films [238], hydrogen production is increased up to 3.0 mL min −1 for scaled up electrode (130.56 cm 2 ) allowing 1 mL evolution after only 20 s. Nevertheless, the combination of WO 3 and TiO 2 materials demonstrated massive enhancement on hydrogen evolution (22 and 16.2 mL cm −2 h −1 ) [239,240] demonstrating how significantly charge transfer collection efficiency influences H 2 production. The most expressive collection rates have been obtained for coupled WO 3 -TiO 2 photoanodes proving the great effect of band gap engineering on photoelectrochemical hydrogen production.…”

Section: Hydrogen Generation By Photoelectrocatalysismentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Other features worth mentioning include visible light active materials, chemical stability, noncorrosive in electrolyte, and low cost [227]. Table 6 illustrates some photoactive materials applied as semiconductors in photoelectrocatalytic water splitting, such as TiO 2 thin film, TiO 2 nanotubes, WO 3 , WO 3 decorated with Ag, composites of WO 3 /TiO 2 , CdS-TiO 2 , and BiO x /TiO 2 [14,[233][234][235][236][237][238][239][240][241][242]. The major difference between these materials reported lies in the light source used for the electrode activation and electrolyte composition.…”

Section: Hydrogen Generation By Photoelectrocatalysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TiO 2 has always been the most employed material, and it is noteworthy that the nanotube array morphology can be used as photoanode in H 2 production without the need for any further modification or decoration [14,233]. TiO 2 nanotubes have also been loaded with crystal and aggregates of WO 3 originating from WO 3 /TiO 2 compound materials [239,240].…”

Section: Hydrogen Generation By Photoelectrocatalysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Achievements and Trends in Photoelectrocatalysis: from Environmental to Energy Applications

et al. 2015

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The great versatility of semiconductor materials and the possibility of generation of electrons, holes, hydroxyl radicals, and/or superoxide radicals have increased the applicability of photoelectrocatalysis dramatically in the contemporary world. Photoelectrocatalysis takes advantage of the heterogeneous photocatalytic process by applying a biased potential on a photoelectrode in which the catalyst is supported. This configuration allows more effectiveness of the separation of photogenerated charges due to light irradiation with energy being higher compared to that of the band gap energy of the semiconductor, which thereby leads to an increase in the lifetime of the electron-hole pairs. This work presents a compiled and critical review of photoelectrocatalysis, trends and future prospects of the technique applied in environmental protection studies, hydrogen generation, and water disinfection. Special attention will be focused on the applications of TiO 2 and the production of nanometric morphologies with a great improvement in the photocatalyst properties useful for the degradation of organic pollutants, the reduction of inorganic contaminants, the conversion of CO 2 , microorganism inactivation, and water splitting for hydrogen generation.

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Section: Hydrogen Generation By Photoelectrocatalysismentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Hydrogen Generation By Photoelectrocatalysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hydrogen Generation By Photoelectrocatalysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Achievements and Trends in Photoelectrocatalysis: from Environmental to Energy Applications

et al. 2015

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“…[3,4] Moreover, a good response to sunlight and high quantum conversion efficiency are also regarded as important factors in the design of photocatalysts. For example, various nanocomposites, such as TiO 2 /CdS, [8] TiO 2 /PdO, [9] TiO 2 /CuO, [10] TiO 2 /SnO x , [11] TiO 2 /WO 3 , [12] TiO 2 /graphene, [6,[13][14][15] TiO 2 /noble metal (Ag, Au, or Pt) , [16][17][18] TiO 2 -AgX [19,20] etc, have been reported with improved photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation. [3][4][5] TiO 2 is a most widely investigated photocatalyst in the mineralization of organic pollutants as well as hydrogen generation because of its chemical stability, long-term thermodynamic stability, low cost, long-toxicity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of nanocomposites composed of silver cyanamide and titania for improved photocatalytic hydrogen generation

Meng

Zhang

et al. 2015

Dalton Trans.

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Highly efficient composite photocatalysts composed of silver cyanamide (Ag2NCN) and anatase titania (TiO2) were fabricated through a chemical precipitation process of silver nitrate and cyanamide in TiO2 suspensions. The TiO2 nanoparticles around 15 nm were immobilized on the surface of rectangular Ag2NCN particles to form a hetero-structure, and the contents of TiO2 were varied to tune the structure and the photocatalytic performances. In comparison with single TiO2 or Ag2NCN, the TiO2/Ag2NCN nanocomposites exhibited a prominent improved photocatalytic activity in the hydrogen generation, and the hydrogen evolution rate (1494.0 μmol (g h)(-1)) was higher than most of the reported TiO2-composite photocatalysts. Based on the structure investigation, the photocatalytic mechanism of these TiO2/Ag2NCN nanocomposites was proposed. The enhanced photocatalytic activity was attributed to three points: the matched energy level between TiO2 and Ag2NCN promoted the electron-hole transfer and thus inhibited the recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes; the great electron storage capacity of metallic silver produced in the photocatalytic process also facilitated the charge separation; in addition, the expanded absorption spectrum because of the composite structure enhanced the UV and visible light response ability. These TiO2/Ag2NCN nanocomposites also presented good photocatalytic stability in the typical cycle tests. This work provided new insights into fabricating highly efficient composite photocatalysts containing silver and TiO2 for hydrogen generation.

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“…As reported in the literature [34], the ionic radius of W 6+ is a little smaller than that of Ti 4+ ; thus W 6+ ions can diffuse into the TiO 2 lattice and reduce the cell volume of TiO 2 . The lattice parameters a, c, and unit cell volume V cell have been calculated according to the following equations:…”

Section: Structural Morphologic and Photocatalytic Properties Of Womentioning

confidence: 67%

Modification of TiO2 nanotubes by WO3 species for improving their photocatalytic activity

Sun

Dong

et al. 2015

Applied Surface Science

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Preparation of hybrid WO3–TiO2 nanotube photoelectrodes using anodization and wet impregnation: Improved water-splitting hydrogen generation performance

Cited by 113 publications

References 64 publications

Achievements and Trends in Photoelectrocatalysis: from Environmental to Energy Applications

Achievements and Trends in Photoelectrocatalysis: from Environmental to Energy Applications

Fabrication of nanocomposites composed of silver cyanamide and titania for improved photocatalytic hydrogen generation

Modification of TiO2 nanotubes by WO3 species for improving their photocatalytic activity

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