Preparation of Microcellulose (Mcc) and Nanocellulose (Ncc) from Eucalyptus Kraft Ssp Pulp

Abstract

Natural fibres have been attracted significant interest due to its renewable nature, its vast source of raw material, besides having good mechanical properties and low cost. The cellulose present in cell walls of plants can be purified and isolated, acting as a reinforcing agent in polymer composites, in order to obtain lighter, resistant and biodegradable composites. The techniques of acid hydrolysis are methods used to isolate crystals of cellulose, using different acids, resulting in different materials. In this study it was possible to verify the effect of the acid hydrolysis process, with hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ), resulting in MCC and NCC by one hydrolysis step, and then were analysed for its chemical and morphological characteristics, presenting significant improvements on these properties.

Effect of Hydrolysis Treatment on Cellulose Nanowhiskers from Oil Palm (Elaeis guineesis) Fronds: Morphology, Chemical, Crystallinity, and Thermal Characteristics

“…Similarity in spectral profiles and comparable intensities of CNWs and raw fiber confirmed that the sulphuric acid hydrolysis did not significantly change the chemical nature of the nanowhiskers. This result is in agreement with already published reports on nanocrystal formation through acid hydrolysis of oil palm biomass and lignocellulose biomass (Fahma et al 2011;Yang et al 2014;Zeni et al 2016;Lamaming et al 2015).…”

“…This is evidenced by the amount of the residual char after the thermal degradation of the nanowhiskers as demonstrated by TGA (French and Cintrón 2013). The increased spectra bands at 897 cm −1 in all CNWs spectra could be attributed to the β-glycosidic linkages of glucose ring of cellulose indicating that the nanowhiskers have high cellulose content (Zeni et al 2016;Habibi 2014).…”

“…3). First stage was attributed to the moisture removal from fibres between 50 o C to 110 o C. The curves showed additional weight loss in cellulose fibre and nanowhiskers when further heated (Lamaming et al 2015;Zeni et al 2016). The second phase of weight loss is attributed to the hemicellulose and cellulose degradation (Fahma et al 2011;Owolabi et al 2016) C, respectively.…”

Enhancement of basic properties of polysaccharide‐based composites with organic and inorganic fillers: A review

“…MCC and NCC are the isolated crystalline cellulose and purified partially depolymerized non‐fibrous form of cellulose which amorphous regions have been removed during the process of isolation or extraction . They are produced in powder form; often odorless, tasteless, and white in color .…”

Rheological behavior of binary polymer compositions

“…С учетом представленных преимуществ использование в полимерных композициях МЦ, полученной из вторичных сырьевых источников растительного происхождения [9,10], предпочтительно даже в сравнении с более дешевой древесной мукой.…”