Preparation of redox-sensitive, core-crosslinked micelles self-assembled from mPEGylated starch conjugates: remarkable extracellular stability and rapid intracellular drug release

Abstract

Novel diselenide core-crosslinked mPEGylated starch micelles (mPEG-St-SeSex) were developed, which had advanced stability in ultra micelle destabilization conditions and could be quickly disunited to release the drug in the presence of 10 mM GSH.

Starch‐based nanoparticles: Stimuli responsiveness, toxicity, and interactions with food components

“…Wang, Liu, & Huang (2019) successfully synthesized pH and thermally responsive starch‐graft‐poly (N, N ‐diethyl aminoethyl methacrylateco‐poly (ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate) [starch‐gP (DEAEMA‐co‐PEGMA)] micelles by one‐electron transfer radical polymerization at a critical micelle concentration of 0.0313 to 0.1364 mg/mL. Furthermore, the mPEGylated starch (mPEG‐St) could be linked with 3,3‐dithiodipropionic acid (DPA), hydrophobic deoxycholic acid (DCA), 3,3′‐dithiodipropionic acid and suberic acid through disulfide and diselenyl bonds to prepare new amphiphilic polymers mPEG‐St‐DPA (Wu et al., 2016), mPEG‐St‐DCA (Yang et al., 2014), and mPEG‐St‐SeSe x (Chen, Gao, Lü, Chen, & Liu, 2016). The polymers self‐assemble in aqueous solution or phosphate buffer to form spherical core‐shell structured nano‐micelles, which have higher stability than pure mPEG‐St micelles.…”

Novel amphiphilic glucose-responsive modified starch micelles for insulin delivery

“…The micelles of mPEG-DAS-APBA and mPEG-DAS-APBA-Cou were prepared according to literature procedures. 44 Herein, 20 mL of PBS was slowly dropped into solutions of the mPEG-DAS-APBA and mPEG-DAS-APBA-Cou polymers (20 mg) under gentle shaking at 37 C over 3 h. Then, the solution was sonicated for 10 min to obtain an optically transparent solution. Finally, the micelles solution was passed through 0.45 nm membrane lters and stored at room temperature.…”

l-Peptide functionalized dual-responsive nanoparticles for controlled paclitaxel release and enhanced apoptosis in breast cancer cells

“…Specifically, compared with conventional medicines, nanoparticle drug delivery systems are able to exhibit passive/active target properties and controlled or sustained drug-release kinetics (Xie et al., 2016 ). These nanoparticles can also enhance the physicochemical properties of drugs due to their enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect and low cytotoxicity (Chen et al., 2016 ) as well as promoting gradual apoptosis of distinctive carcinomas. For passive targets, it is notable that the observed tumor environments are characterized by mild hyperthermia (1–2 °C above healthy tissue), acidic pH (lower than usual cellular pH) (Canning et al., 2017 ) and excessive cell proliferation accompanied by high enzymatic concentration compared to normal tissues, which neutralizes the therapeutic efficacy of administering the cytotoxic drug.…”

“…An optimal nanoparticle system should have the ability to ‘turn off’ the internalization function during circulation in the blood, but be ‘turned on’ when inside a tumor. Recently (Chen et al., 2016 ; Wang et al., 2016 ), active strategies using biological targeting moieties, such as peptides, proteins, monoclonal antibodies, nucleic acid aptamers, and other small molecules (Gao et al., 2009 ; Hu et al., 2011 ) which bind to specific biomarkers on the surface of tumor cells have been developed. In principle, these active targeting strategies involve modifying the surface of nanoparticles with target molecules that can recognize and bind specifically to the tumor cells (Goel et al., 2014 ; Shamay et al., 2016 ), enhancing the ability of the nanoparticles to be transported into the tumor cells from the extracellular space (Gao et al., 2009 , 2016 ; Goel et al., 2014 ).…”