Preschool Bipolar Disorder: Brazilian children case reports

Preschool Bipolar Disorder

“…Similarly, family history of affective illness was also noted in an additional open case series of community mental health clinic patients with mania, but in contrast to the former study, more classical features of mania were described including elation [4]. Elation along with other age adjusted classical features of mania were described in a series of suspected bipolar cases in several outpatient specialty mood disorders clinics [3, 5]; these studies also reported family history of affective illness in the affected preschoolers. Conversely, aggression and irritability were the most common symptoms reported among presumptive bipolar preschoolers in a chart review of 26 outpatients [2].…”

“…More recently, for example Danielyan et al [2] reviewed 26 outpatient charts of preschoolers referred to a psychiatric clinic and found high recovery and relapse rates. Similarly, Ferreira Maia et al [3] also retrospectively reviewed outpatient charts in a mood disorders clinic and found preschoolers to have classic symptoms of mania, but the reports were also limited by the small sample size of preschoolers who met DSMIV bipolar disorder criteria (n=8). Classic features of mania such as elation, grandiosity, psychomotor agitation and decreased need for sleep were also observed by Dilsaver & Akiskal [4] over two years and a family history notable for affective illness was described.…”

Deficient Emotional Self-Regulation in Preschoolers With ADHD: Identification, Comorbidity, and Interpersonal Functioning

“…In older children, this CBCL profile has been associated with juvenile bipolar disorder (Ayer et al, 2009; Biederman et al, 2009; Faraone, Althoff, Hudziak, Monuteaux, & Biederman, 2005; Mick, Biederman, Pandina, & Faraone, 2003; Papolos, Hennen, Cockerham, Thode, & Youngstrom, 2006). Some evidence suggests that early onset bipolar disorder may be identifiable also at preschool age (Danielyan, Pathak, Kowatch, Arszman, & Johns, 2007; Dilsaver & Akiskal, 2004; Ferreira Maia, Boarati, Kleinman, & Fu-I, 2007; Luby & Belden, 2006; Luby, Tandon, & Belden, 2009; Scheffer & Niskala Apps, 2004). However, studies largely differ in methodology, sample size, age range, and psychiatric assessment, raising major controversy in the field.…”

Sleep in Adolescents With Bipolar I Disorder: Stability and Relation to Symptom Change

“…Little research is available on the presentation or effects of sleep disturbances in youth with BD. Studies assessing the symptom presentation of BD in pediatric patients using medical record reviews, self-reports, and/or parent reports have documented that, as is found with adults, a reduced need for sleep typically occurs during manic periods in youth with bipolar symptomatology (Ballenger, Reus, & Post, 1982; Ferreira Maia, Boarati, Kleinman, & Fu, 2007; Findling et al, 2001; Geller et al, 2002; Holtmann et al, 2007; Jerrell & Shugart, 2004). Some studies have also documented that in comparison to age-matched controls, youth with symptoms of BD have more difficulty falling asleep, experience more awakenings throughout the night, and spend more time awake during these awakenings (Lofthouse, Fristad, Splaingard, & Kelleher, 2007; Mehl et al, 2006; Roybal et al, 2011), whereas other studies have not demonstrated such differences (Mullin, Harvey, & Hinshaw, 2011).…”