Preserving genes: a model of the maintenance of genetic variation in a metapopulation under frequency-dependent selection

Judson, Olivia

doi:10.1017/s0016672300033267

Cited by 53 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…If a particular male-killer strain is lost from a local population it is unlikely to be lost from the entire metapopulation, so it can subsequently reappear due to immigration ( Judson 1995). The importance of this process is supported by the observation that in some populations certain strains either have been lost or are extremely rare.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Ancient Mitochondrial Polymorphism in Adalia bipunctata Linked to a Sex-Ratio-Distorting Bacterium

Jiggins

Tinsley

2005

Genetics

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Sex-ratio-distorting microbes are common parasites of arthropods. Although the reasons they have invaded and spread though populations are well understood, their subsequent dynamics within those populations are virtually unknown. We have found that different strains of a male-killing Rickettsia bacterium infecting the beetle Adalia bipunctata are associated with distinct mitochondrial haplotypes, which is expected as both the mitochondria and the bacteria are maternally transmitted. These mitochondrial haplotypes shared a common ancestor .2 million years ago, and their overall diversity is significantly greater than expected under neutrality from comparisons with a nuclear gene. Furthermore, a variety of statistical tests show strong deviations from neutrality in mitochondrial but not in nuclear genes. We therefore conclude that natural selection is probably maintaining a polymorphism of different Rickettsia strains in this species. Despite the age of the different mitochondrial haplotypes, there is very little genetic diversity within them. Furthermore, there is considerable variation in mitochondrial haplotype and bacterial strain frequency between populations, despite it being thought that this species has fairly low levels of population structure. We conclude that the fitness of these male killers may be negatively frequency dependent or different strains may be favored in different populations. These hypotheses await experimental confirmation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Ancient Mitochondrial Polymorphism in Adalia bipunctata Linked to a Sex-Ratio-Distorting Bacterium

Jiggins

Tinsley

2005

Genetics

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“…Most metapopulation models concentrate on the role that extinction and recolonization play in stabilizing coexistence and maintaining selected genetic variation in host and parasite (Frank, 1993;Ladle et al, 1993;Antonovics et al, 1994;Thrall & Jarosz, 1994a;Thrall & Jarosz, 1994b;Judson, 1995;Frank, 1996). Extinction/colonization processes of parasite and host in a metapopulation system depend on subpopulation size, the underlying genetic basis of the interaction between parasite and host, and the scale at which both players migrate between populations.…”

Section: Local Adaptation In a Metapopulation Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several authors have stressed the importance of gene flow as a force introducing novel or lost resistance/virulence types into populations (Ladle et al, 1993;Thompson, 1994;Judson, 1995;Gandon et al, 1996;Frank, 1997). In fact, the relative rates of migration may be a decisive factor in the coevolutionary arms race.…”

Section: Migration and Evolutionary Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local adaptation in host–parasite systems

1998

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In host-parasite coevolutionary arms races, parasites probably have an evolutionary advantage. Parasite populations should be locally adapted, having higher mean fitness on sympatric than allopatric hosts. Here we assess evidence for local parasite advantage. Further we investigate how adaptation and counter-adaptation of parasites and hosts, necessarily occurring in sympatry, can generate a pattern of local adaptation. Already simple frequency-dependent selection models generate complex patterns of parasite performance on sympatric and allopatric populations. In metapopulations, with extinction, recolonization, and gene flow, variable selection pressure and stochasticity may obscure local processes or change the level at which local adaptation occurs. Alternatively, gene flow may introduce adaptive variation, so differential migration rates can modify the asymmetry of host and parasite evolutionary rates. We conclude that local adaptation is an average phenomenon. Its detection requires adequate replication at the appropriate level, that at which the local processes occur.

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“…1990;Judson 1995). In the laboratory, we have here observed rapid, strainspecific selection towards both resistance and susceptibility, which implies sufficient genetic diversity in the host population to achieve this.…”

Section: Epidemiological Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 75%

Selection and Strain Specificity of Compatibility Between Snail Intermediate Hosts and Their Parasitic Schistosomes

Webster

Woolhouse

1998

Evolution

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Abstract.-Many theoretical models of host-parasite coevolution assume that variation in host resistance to parasite infection is, at least partially, genetically determined and specific to the strain of infecting parasite. However, very few experimental studies have been conducted to test this assumption in animal-parasite systems. Biomphalaria glabrata snails serve as the intermediate hosts of Schistosoma mansoni. Although some snails are resistant to infection, there is no evidence of fixation of resistance in field populations. Two possible explanations for this are high fitness costs associated with resistance and a dynamic coevolution between parasite and host, perhaps involving matching alleles or gene-for-gene interactions. Two strains of B. glabrata were artificially selected for either resistance or susceptibility to each of two strains of S. mansoni parasite for three generations. Third-generation snails were then were exposed to either the parasite strain to which they had been selected or to a different parasite strain. In both host strains, resistance and susceptibility (compatibility) were found to be heritable. Moreover, compatibility to one parasite strain was not associated with compatibility to another strain, implying no genetic trade-off. Our results are discussed in terms of potential mechanisms of resistance in this host-parasite system and their implications to general coevolutionary theory.

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Preserving genes: a model of the maintenance of genetic variation in a metapopulation under frequency-dependent selection

Cited by 53 publications

References 49 publications

An Ancient Mitochondrial Polymorphism in Adalia bipunctata Linked to a Sex-Ratio-Distorting Bacterium

An Ancient Mitochondrial Polymorphism in Adalia bipunctata Linked to a Sex-Ratio-Distorting Bacterium

Local adaptation in host–parasite systems

Selection and Strain Specificity of Compatibility Between Snail Intermediate Hosts and Their Parasitic Schistosomes

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