Pressure effects on nanotubes formation using the submerged arc in water method

Sano, Noriaki; Naito, Masakazu; Chhowalla, Manish; Kikuchi, Takeyuki; Matsuda, Satoshi; Iimura, Kenji; Wang, Haolan; Kanki, Tatsuo; Amaratunga, G.A.J.

doi:10.1016/s0009-2614(03)01246-6

Cited by 44 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The CNOs, CNHs, and SWCNTs float on the surface of the liquid, whereas the MWCNTs are either submerged in the liquid or deposited on the cathode. In previous studies, we reported on the influence of such parameters as the components of the electrodes, the type of gas/liquid, 3 the pressure conditions, 4 and so forth. A simple model for the production of carbon nano‐materials was proposed in an earlier paper 5 .…”

Section: Arc‐in‐liquid Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gravitational Effects on Carbon Nano‐Materials Synthesized by Arc in Water

Kawanami¹,

Sano²

2009

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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The "arc-in-liquid" method is a simple and inexpensive technique for the synthesis of carbon nanotubes and related nano-materials. In this paper, we report on the synthesis of carbon nanotubes by means of the arc-in-water method under microgravity and normal gravity conditions. The heat of convection and two-phase flow caused by the arc plasma are suppressed under microgravity, so the heat and fluid flow are stabilized under such conditions and a single huge bubble is generated around the electrodes. From the images captured during the experiment of the arc-in-liquid method, it can be observed that the bubble contained a layer of water vapor at the gas-liquid interface under microgravity conditions, and this layer blocked the carbon vapor reaching the liquid phase. Owing to this unique phenomenon, it was determined that the synthesis of carbon nanotubes by the arc-in-water method is strongly affected by gravity.

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Section: Arc‐in‐liquid Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gravitational Effects on Carbon Nano‐Materials Synthesized by Arc in Water

Kawanami¹,

Sano²

2009

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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“…The voltages used in this study varied from 10 to 30 V. The arc discharge in water was found to be stable and could be run for several minutes as long as a cathode-anode gap of 1 mm was maintained [12]. Ni : Mo with ratio 1 : 2 was selected as the catalyst in this experiment [10].…”

Section: Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Voltage effects on the production of nanocarbons by a unique arc-discharge set-up in solution

Jahanshahi

Raoof

Seresht

2009

Journal of Experimental Nanoscience

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Well graphitised nanocarbons including onion-like fullerenes and single-and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were synthesised in high yield by automatic arc-discharge method in solution. This technique is considered a low-cost method since it does not require any expensive equipment. Herein, an arc discharge full automatic set-up was used for fabrication of CNTs which enables controlling of the gap between the two electrodes and the voltage as well. Carbon nanostructures under a controlled amount of voltage (from 10 to 30 V) were synthesised where Ni : Mo as a catalyst and LiCl 0.25 M as a solution were used. Subsequently, a modified acid treatment method was applied as purification stage of the products. The production rate of CNTs was as high as 7.7 mg min À1 while the voltage was set at 30 V. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy as well as Raman spectroscopy were employed to study the morphology of these carbon nanostructures. The results indicated that CNTs synthesised at a voltage of 30 V had the best quality and elongated straight structures. The mechanism of the voltage conditions for preparing nanocarbons as well as their characterisation are discussed.

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“…The high-intensity ultrasonication technique is an environmentally benign method and a simplified process that conducts fibre isolation and chemical modification simultaneously and helps significantly reduce the production cost of cellulose nanofibre and its composites [3]. HIUS creates cavitation and high vibrational energy in the suspension, resulting in the separation of hemp cellulose micro-and nanofibre bundles and agglomerates [6]. In the present work SE and HIUS will be combined to obtain MFC fibrils.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Cellulose Microfibrils Obtained from Hemp

Šutka

Kukle

Grāvītis

et al. 2013

Conference Papers in Materials Science

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Microfibrillated cellulose was extracted from hemp fibres using steam explosion pretreatment and high-intensity ultrasonic treatment (HIUS). The acquired results after steam explosion treatment and water and alkali treatments are discussed and interpreted by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the microstructure of hemp fibres before and after each treatment. A fibre size analyser was used to analyse the dimensions of the untreated and treated cellulose fibrils. SEM observations show that the sizes of the different treated fibrils have a diameter range of several micrometres, but after HIUS treatment fibres are separate from microfibrils, nanofibres, and their agglomerates.

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Pressure effects on nanotubes formation using the submerged arc in water method

Cited by 44 publications

References 12 publications

Gravitational Effects on Carbon Nano‐Materials Synthesized by Arc in Water

Gravitational Effects on Carbon Nano‐Materials Synthesized by Arc in Water

Voltage effects on the production of nanocarbons by a unique arc-discharge set-up in solution

Characterization of Cellulose Microfibrils Obtained from Hemp

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