Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella enteritidis and other salmonellas in the eggs and egg-storing trays from retails markets of Coimbatore, South India

Abstract

A study was conducted to determine the incidence of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis and other Salmonella serovars on eggshell, egg contents and on egg-storing trays. A total of 492 eggs and 82 egg-storing trays were examined over a period of 1 year from different retail outlets of a residential area of Coimbatore city, South India. Salmonella contamination was recorded in 38 of 492 (7.7%) eggs out of which 29 was in eggshell (5.9%) and 9 in egg contents (1.8%). Around 7.5% of the egg-storing trays were also found to be contaminated with Salmonella. Serotyping of the Salmonella strains showed that 89.7% of the strains from eggshell, 100% of the strains from egg contents and 71.4% of the strains from egg-storing trays were Salmonella Enteritidis. Other serovarvars encountered were S. Cerro, S. Molade and S. Mbandaka from eggshell and S. Cerro from egg-storing trays. Seasonal variations in the prevalence pattern were identified with, a higher prevalence during monsoon months followed by post-monsoon and premonsoon. Further examination of the Salmonella strains was carried out by testing their antimicrobial sensitivity against 10 commonly used antimicrobials. Results revealed high prevalence of multiple antimicrobial resistance among these strains suggesting possible prior selection by use of antimicrobials in egg production.

Presence of Salmonella in retail grade a eggs determined by the International Organization for Standardization 6579 method and a LightCycler polymerase chain reaction system

“…The Salmonella isolation rate from inner parts of the eggs is higher than the shell rate, contrary to the similar previous studies, which have lower or 0% inner rate compared to higher shell rates (4,8,12,28). This difference could be the result of many contributing factors in those studies and our study, and cannot be extrapolated further.…”

“…Our ISO results indicated that 10.9 % of inner and 5.9 % of shell (overall 15.8 %) of the retail eggs harbored Salmonella. Our inner part rate is higher than previous studies reported from different parts of the world (4,8,12,19,28), which have found this rate as 0-7.4 % in retail eggs, contrary to a study by Betancor et al (2), indicating a considerably higher rate of 35% Salmonella from Uruguay. Similarly, there are several previous studies with lower Salmonella shell rates as 0-5.3% (4,12,24) than ours, two studies with higher rates as 15.8% (21) and 21% (8), and one study by Suresh et al (28) indicating a slightly higher rate as 6.1% than ours.…”

“…Our inner part rate is higher than previous studies reported from different parts of the world (4,8,12,19,28), which have found this rate as 0-7.4 % in retail eggs, contrary to a study by Betancor et al (2), indicating a considerably higher rate of 35% Salmonella from Uruguay. Similarly, there are several previous studies with lower Salmonella shell rates as 0-5.3% (4,12,24) than ours, two studies with higher rates as 15.8% (21) and 21% (8), and one study by Suresh et al (28) indicating a slightly higher rate as 6.1% than ours. The differences between the rates we detected with the previously conducted studies can be linked to factors such as: (1) layers: housing, management -production practices, genetic background, Salmonella control and vaccination programs used; (2) applied/restricted egg processing practices: washing, sanitizing, oiling, drying, storage temperature conditions, cleaning; (3) region and climate: geographical area, season; (3) sample: methods used in sampling, method of analysis, sample number, duration of sampling.…”

Antibacterial Potentials of Ve<i>rnonia amygdalina</i> against Antibiotic-Resistant <i>Salmonella</i> Specie Isolated from Nworie River, Imo State, Nigeria

“…However, the results from this study does not agree with studies carried out by [23] who reported a 57.1% sensitivity to amoxycillin, whereas a 100% resistance rate was recorded in this present study. Resistance to Oxacillin is in agreement with studies carried out by [24,23]. The isolates were resistant to Streptomycin showing a resistance rate of 51.4%.…”

Non-typhoidal Salmonella isolates from livestock and food samples, in and around Kolkata, India

“…These animal-adapted serotypes show a much higher predilection for causing invasive disease in humans [1]. Contaminated raw foods (meat, eggs, milk) and infected animals are important sources of human infections [1,[3][4][5]. In general, antimicrobial therapy is not recommended for gastroenteritis caused by NTS in humans, however, it is indicated for invasive salmonellosis [1,2].…”