Prevalence and associated risk factors of recurrent otitis media with effusion in children in Upper Egypt

Abstract

ObjectiveWe conducted this study to determine the associations of possible risk factors and prevalence of recurrent otitis media with effusion (OME) in a cohort of children in Upper Egypt.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study undertaken in two tertiary referral centers in Upper Egypt. Associations of possible risk factors with prevalence of recurrent OME were studied. Multi‐factor logistic regression analysis was done to recognize the statistically significant risk factors associated with recurrent OME.ResultsWe collected the data of 2003 pediatric patients, of which 1016 were males (50.7%). A total number of 310 children have OME, including 159 males (51.3%). The prevalence rate of OME in our cohort was 15.5%. Multi‐factor logistic regression analysis of the risk factors related to recurrent OME showed it was strongly associated with adenoid hypertrophy (P < 0.0001), tonsil hypertrophy (P < 0.0001), sinusitis (P < 0.0001), posterior nostril polyps (P = 0.009), allergic rhinitis (P < 0.0001), recurrent URTIs (P = 0.029) and gastroesophageal reflux (P = 0.031).ConclusionsOur study showed that recurrent OME in children in Upper Egypt is a common multifactorial problem, especially in young age. In our locality, allergic rhinitis, recurrent upper respiratory tract infections, gastroesophageal reflux, adenoid and tonsil hypertrophy were the most important associated factors related to the etiopathogenesis of OME.

Research Advances in the Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis by Probiotics

“…The levels of IL-4 and IL-13 in the nasal lavage fluid of the BV group were significantly decreased, while the level of interferon gamma (INF-γ) was significantly increased, which made the ratio of IL-4/INF-γ significantly decreased, and eosinophils Cells were also significantly reduced, and the BV-induced benefits persisted for a longer period of time. 62 The increased rate/severity of respiratory viral infections in children with AR may be caused by multiple mechanisms, but IFN-γ deficiency may be one of them, 63 , 64 and probiotics can improve respiratory viral infections by raising IFN-γ levels.…”

The Correlation Between Otitis Media With Effusion and Adenoid Hypertrophy Among Pediatric ‎Patients: A Systematic Review‎

“…Regarding the comparative analysis of the two shortlisted investigations, the first was a cross-sectional study carried out across two tertiary-referral institutes within upper Egypt, aiming to ascertain the incidence rate for recurring OME, together with potential risk variables [4]. Pediatric (< 18 years of age) OM cases were referred to this site.…”

“…Within the total study cohort, 15.5% were diagnosed with OME. Such a multi-faceted ailment is comprised of allergic rhinitis, recurrent upper respiratory tract infections, gastroesophageal reflux, AH, and tonsil hypertrophy [4].…”

“…Multiple issues lead to recurring pediatric OME, particularly during the very early years of life, with predominating etiopathogenesis issues being allergic rhinitis, recurrent upper respiratory tract infections, gastroesophageal reflux, and adenoid hypertrophy (AH) [4].…”

Factors affecting the occurrence of otitis media with effusion in preschool and elementary school children: a comparative cross-sectional study

“…4 The prevalence rate of OME is 15.5% in children in Upper Egypt; 17.89% in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; and 5.3% in Hong Kong for children aged 6-7 years old. [5][6][7]…”