Prevalence and differential host‐specificity of two avian blood parasite genera in the Australo‐Papuan region

Beadell, Jon S.; Gering, Eben; Austin, Jeremy J.; Dumbacher, John P.; Peirce, M. A.; Pratt, Thane K.; Atkinson, Carter T.; Fleischer, Robert C.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-294x.2004.02363.x

Cited by 215 publications

(263 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Because Plasmodium parasites are paraphyletic with respect to Haemoproteus, this is consistent with the notion that generalists give rise to specialists. The most common pattern of infection observed in our data was an intermediate level of specialization, primarily within a host family or subfamily, supporting previous reports that parasite host sharing (or switching) occurs most often between closely related hosts (Bensch et al 2000;Ricklefs and Fallon 2002;Beadell et al 2004).…”

Section: Host Associationssupporting

confidence: 78%

Host Specialization and Geographic Localization of Avian Malaria Parasites: A Regional Analysis in the Lesser Antilles

Fallon¹,

Bermingham²,

Ricklefs³

2005

The American Naturalist

154

117

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We recovered 26 genetically distinct avian malaria parasite lineages, based on cytochrome b sequences, from a broad survey of terrestrial avifauna of the Lesser Antilles. Here we describe their distributions across host species within a regional biogeographic context. Most parasite lineages were recovered from a few closely related host species. Specialization on one host species and distribution across many hosts were both rare. Geographic patterns of parasite lineages indicated limited dispersal and frequent local extinction. The central islands of the archipelago share similar parasite lineages and patterns of infection. However, the peripheral islands harbor welldifferentiated parasite communities, indicating long periods of isolation. Nonetheless, 20 of 26 parasite lineages were recovered from at least one of three other geographic regions, the Greater Antilles, North America, and South America, suggesting rapid dispersal relative to rate of differentiation. Six parasite lineages were restricted to the Lesser Antilles, primarily to endemic host species. Host differences between populations of the same parasite lineage suggest that host preference may evolve more rapidly than mitochondrial gene sequences. Taken together, distributions of avian malarial parasites reveal evidence of coevolution, host switching, extinction, and periodic recolonization events resulting in ecologically dynamic as well as evolutionarily stable patterns of infection.

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Section: Host Associationssupporting

confidence: 78%

Host Specialization and Geographic Localization of Avian Malaria Parasites: A Regional Analysis in the Lesser Antilles

Fallon¹,

Bermingham²,

Ricklefs³

2005

The American Naturalist

154

117

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“…(b) Molecular analysis Samples were screened with two sets of screening primers (F2/R2 (91 bp) and 850F/1024R (167 bp); Beadell et al 2004) designed to amplify small fragments of haematozoan parasite mtDNA (cytochrome b gene and COIII gene, respectively). We also screened these samples with another set of primers 213F (5 0 -GAG CTA TGA CGC TAT CGA-3 0 ) and 372R (5 0 -GGA ATG AGA GTT CAC CGT TA-3 0 ), to amplify a 160 bp fragment of DNA encoding two restriction sites, which are diagnostic for Plasmodium and Haemoproteus (Beadell & Fleischer 2005).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…have been shown to be pathogenic, and exhibit varying host specificity and modes of transmission (Atkinson & van Riper 1991). Recently, it has become possible to characterize evolutionarily distinct parasite lineages with molecular techniques (polymerase chain reaction, PCR; Bensch et al 2000;Fallon et al 2003a;Beadell et al 2004). Owing to its wide geographical and host distribution (Bensch et al 2000;Ricklefs & Fallon 2002;Waldenström et al 2002) and potentially deleterious effects on health (Caum 1933;Warner 1968;Atkinson & van Riper 1991;Bennett et al 1993) and reproductive success (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and evolutionary relationships of haematozoan parasites in native versus introduced populations of common mynaAcridotheres tristis

et al. 2005

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The success of introduced species is frequently explained by their escape from natural enemies in the introduced region. We tested the enemy release hypothesis with respect to two well studied blood parasite genera (Plasmodium and Haemoproteus) in native and six introduced populations of the common myna Acridotheres tristis. Not all comparisons of introduced populations to the native population were consistent with expectations of the enemy release hypothesis. Native populations show greater overall parasite prevalence than introduced populations, but the lower prevalence in introduced populations is driven by low prevalence in two populations on oceanic islands (Fiji and Hawaii). When these are excluded, prevalence does not differ significantly. We found a similar number of parasite lineages in native populations compared to all introduced populations. Although there is some evidence that common mynas may have carried parasite lineages from native to introduced locations, and also that introduced populations may have become infected with novel parasite lineages, it may be difficult to differentiate between parasites that are native and introduced, because malarial parasite lineages often do not show regional or host specificity.

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“…was provided by MHC class I diversity and particular alleles (Westerdahl et al 2005). Rates of infection can be very high: infections were detected by genetic approaches in 69 of 105 species of Australian and Papuan birds, and 44% of 428 individuals surveyed, with substantial variation among host families (Beadell et al 2004). Haemoproteus are more host-specific than Plasmodium, suggesting that Plasmodium pose the greater threat of passing into new species owing to human-induced environmental variation.…”

Section: The Genomics Revolution and Associated Technical Advancementioning

confidence: 99%

Towards modelling persistence of woodland birds: the role of genetics

Sunnucks

2011

Emu - Austral Ornithology

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Abstract. Assessing how environmental change affects the probability of persistence of organisms requires an understanding of dispersal through, and occupation of, landscapes, and the associated demographic outcomes. Projections of differences in persistence probability can then be made under different scenarios of land-use and global environmental change. Rates and distances of dispersal, and demographic change and trajectories, are difficult to measure accurately, but genetic approaches can make major contributions. For two decades the field of molecular ecology has been providing useful life-history information relevant to population management, including key ecological attributes such as disease-resistance and thermal biology, mobility, dispersal and gene flow, habitat connectivity, the spatial and temporal scales of population processes, and demography. Genetic estimators of these factors could be employed to a much greater extent than they are currently. To facilitate this increased use, genetic estimates of functional connectivity (mobility and gene flow of organisms) and demography need to be integrated directly into decision-making processes. Population genetics is well suited to Bayesian approaches, with associated benefits including the ability to consider many factors, and estimation of error and parameter sensitivities. Genetic estimators based on the mobility and reproductive success of individual organisms and their key ecological traits can make unique contributions alongside other types of data into agent-based, spatially explicit modelling approaches of real landscape scenarios at the range of scales needed by managers. Virtually all the tools to do this exist. It is imperative that genetic samples be collected for contemporary and future analyses.

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Prevalence and differential host‐specificity of two avian blood parasite genera in the Australo‐Papuan region

Cited by 215 publications

References 38 publications

Host Specialization and Geographic Localization of Avian Malaria Parasites: A Regional Analysis in the Lesser Antilles

Host Specialization and Geographic Localization of Avian Malaria Parasites: A Regional Analysis in the Lesser Antilles

Prevalence and evolutionary relationships of haematozoan parasites in native versus introduced populations of common mynaAcridotheres tristis

Towards modelling persistence of woodland birds: the role of genetics

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