Prevalence and genotype distribution of cervical human papillomavirus infection in Macao

Abstract

Population-specific epidemiological data on human papillomavirus (HPV) infection are essential for formulating strategies to prevent cervical cancer. The age-specific prevalence of HPV infection was determined among 1,600 women enrolled for cervical screening in Macao. A U-shaped age-specific prevalence curve with a first peak (prevalence rate, 10%) at 20-25 years and a second peak (13%) at 51-55 years was observed. Co-infections with multiple types were detected in 32.5% of HPV-positive subjects and without significant variation among different age groups (P = 0.318). The majority (84.6%) of the positive samples harbored high- or probable high-risk HPV types, and these types also exhibited a similar U-shaped age-specific prevalence curve. In contrast, low and unknown-risk HPV types remained at a low prevalence (1.5-2.5%) throughout the age groups between 20 and 50 years, and with a small peak (4.5%) at 51-55 years. HPV 52 was the most common type found in 26.8% of positive samples, followed by HPV 16 (15.5%), HPV 68 (11.4%), HPV 18 and HPV 58 (8.9% each), HPV 54 (8.1%), HPV 53 (7.3%), HPV 39 (6.5%), HPV 33 and HPV 66 (5.7% each). In conclusion, because of the early peak of infection, vaccination and educational campaigns in Macao should start early and target at teenagers. The presence of a second peak containing mainly high-risk HPV types in older women indicates the need to evaluate the cover of the cervical screening programme for older women. Further study to determine the contribution of HPV 52 in high-grade cervical neoplasia and invasive cancers in Macao is warranted.

Epidemiologic Characterization of Human Papillomavirus Infection in Rural Chaozhou, Eastern Guangdong Province of China

“…Contrasting to most previous studies in China [19], [21], [23], [24] and other populations [22], HPV-52, rather than HPV-16, was the most commonly identified type in our rural population (33.40% of all typed cases), consistent with the data from Guangzhou [25], Chaozhou city [12], Macao [18], Zhejiang province of China [20] and Japan [26]. HPV-16 ranked the second and the prevalence (20.95% of all typed cases) was comparable with that worldwide [22].…”

“…Another interpretation might attribute to the genotyping system [28], [29]. HPV-58, another common type in Asian population [18], [25], ranked the third (15.93% of all typed cases), similar to that in Japan [26]. An interesting point was HPV-68, not very common in other researches [3], [4], [22], ranked the sixth in our study, revealed the special distribution of HR-HPV in rural population of Chaozhou.…”

“…Compared with similar studies in China, HR-HPV prevalence (7.8%) in rural Chaozhou of Guangdong Province was similar to that in Tibet (7.05%) [17], was also similar to Macao [18] and our previous study of urban women in Chaozhou (6.52%) [12], but lower than that in Beijing of north China (9.9%) [19], Zhejiang Province of southeast China [20], and an urban city in south China (17.6%) [21]. In Chaozhou rural area, about 300000 women between 35 and 60 years were eligible for this time screening.…”

Prevalence and genotype distribution of human papillomavirus in women in the Henan Province

“…As mentioned previously, the present study found that HPV infection rate showed an approximate U-shaped curve in terms of age: the infection rate of women younger than 25 years was significantly higher than in other age groups (c 2 = 22.747, P = 0.000 < 0.05) and the infection rate in women older than 55 years also showed an increase. These results are similar to the outcomes of Yip et al (2010) and Lee et al (2012). As a means of analyzing the reasons for these outcomes, it may be that young women have a more active sex life; HPV infection is closely related to sexual activities.…”

Prevalence and Genotype Distribution of Human Papillomavirus Infections in Women Attending Hospitals in Chaozhou of Guangdong Province

“…In southern China, a few epidemiologic researches had been performed to evaluate the HPV prevalence and genotype distribution in asymptomatic female population (Lin et al 2008;Wu et al, 2010;Yip et al, 2010;Chen et al, 2012), but little dada was available from outpatients (Lin et al, 2006;Xue et al, 2009). Due to the accessible anatomic site for sample collection and the well-established sample collecting method for cervix, we investigated the cervical HPV infection in women attending hospitals, to understand the age-specific and genotype-specific prevalence of HPV in Chaozhou City in recent 2 years, and to collect timely and sufficient information to support future vaccination program.…”