Prevalence and genotypic diversity of cervical human papillomavirus infection among women from an urban center in Brazil

Abstract

ABSTRACT. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a common viral sexually transmitted infection and the main cause of cervical cancer in women worldwide. Epidemiological data on the prevalence of HPV in a given population is essential for the establishment of effective prevention strategies. The aim of this study was to determine HPV prevalence in women who attended a public health service within an urban center in Brazil. Cervical samples were collected from 337 women recruited from a primary public health care clinic in the city of Cruz Alta located in Rio Grande do Sul, the were detected in 83 (72.8%) and 48 (42.1%) samples, respectively. Furthermore, a great diversity of HPV genotypes was observed (18 high-risk, 12 low-risk, and 1 indeterminate). The most commonly identified low-risk types were candHPV62 (7.9%) and 61 (5.3%), while the most common high-risk types were 16 and 33 (8.8% each). Abnormal cytology was observed in 10 (3.0%) women, 9 of which were infected with HPV. Of the remaining 327 women with normal cytology results, 107 (32.7%) were positive for HPV DNA. HPV infection was correlated with younger age (less than 40 years), a first Pap smear, and other vaginal infections.

Prevalence of human papillomavirus infection and phylogenetic analysis of HPV-16 E6 variants among infected women from Northern Brazil

“…Our result was similar to that described by the Latin America Screening Study (24.5%) [8] and to data related to Amazonas State (29.2%) [18]. However, it was lower than described in others Brazilian studies including women populations from Rio Grande do Sul (34%), São Paulo (58.4%), Distrito Federal (62%) and Rio de Janeiro (63.6%) [19-21]. …”

Association between human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA and micronuclei in normal cervical cytology

“…In South America, Brazil has the highest incidence of cervical cancer, with a prevalence of HPV infection among women with normal cervical cytology of 21.1%, being the northern and northeastern regions with higher mortality than eastern and southern states (Dutra et al , 2012). In another study developed in Rio Grande do Sul state, the prevalence of HPV-DNA found in women with normal cytology was of 32.7% (Coser et al , 2013). It is reasonable to assume that these differences in HPV prevalence can be due to risks factors associated to the characteristics of populations in different countries, sensibility of the study method used to detect DNA, and/or the number of women included in each study (sample size).…”

Distribuição dos genótipos de papilomavírus humano em mulheres do estado da Bahia, Brasil

“…É aventado que a introdução dessa imunização talvez possa modificar o equilíbrio já estabelecido da distribuição dos genótipos 28 . Nesta amostra, a taxa de infecção por múltiplos genótipos foi semelhante à relatada por Adler et al 29 (68%), porém muito superior ao encontrado em Ouro Preto (27%) 17 e Rio Grande do Sul (16,7%) 13 . A prevalência da infecção pelo HPV e das infecções múltiplas descritas nos estudos entre 1990 e 2010 aumentou significativamente 25 .…”

“…Os resultados sobre a distribuição dos genótipos de HPV no Brasil são mais modestos, e os estudos são concentrados nos estados da região Sudeste 9 . Em concordância com as observações mundiais, o HPV 16 foi o tipo mais frequente em pesquisas realizadas em diferentes regiões do país [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] . Entretanto, a heterogeneidade na distribuição é encontrada principalmente em relação aos demais tipos [5][6][7][8]19,20 .…”

“…Os achados cito-histopatológicos foram classificados em grupos de: achados negativos para neoplasia (exames citopatológico e histopatológico negativos), lesão de baixo grau (achado citopatológico -lesão intraepitelial de baixo grau -ou achado histopatológico -neoplasia intraepitelial cervical grau 1, neoplasia intraepitelial vaginal grau 1 ou condiloma e lesão de alto grau (achado citopatológico -lesão intraepitelial de alto grau -ou histopatologia com laudo maior ou igual a neoplasia intraepitelial cervical grau 2 ou neoplasia intraepitelial vaginal grau 2). RESULTADOS: O genótipo de alto risco mais frequente foi o HPV 16, com 18,5%; intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC95%) 14,6-23,0, seguido pelo HPV 56 (14%; IC95% 10,5-18,0) e o HPV 39 (13,4%; IC95% 9,(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)8). O HPV 18 (5,4%; IC95% 3,3-8,3) esteve entre os menos comuns.…”