Prevalence and intensity of Schistosoma mansoni infections among schoolchildren attending primary schools in an urban setting in Southwest, Ethiopia

Bajiro, Mitiku; Dana, Daniel; Levecke, Bruno

doi:10.1186/s13104-017-3023-9

Cited by 17 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Regionally, the occurrence of urogenital and intestinal parasites influence by multiple elements including the environmental factors and geographic location, which can make a person at higher risk for particular parasites or indirectly affect the parasite survival, distribution, and transmission [ 1 , 23 , 35 , 39 ]. In this study, S. haematobium , S. mansoni , H. nana , Cryptosporidium spp., and E. histolytica compromised the identified parasites, with considerably higher prevalences in diabetic individuals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the rural areas of Kosti locality suffer from infrastructures and health serves deficiency, in addition to the lack of the proper source of water supply, which could reflect the higher prevalence of diseases in a rural area compared to urban regions. Previously, several studies were stated a high positivity rate for urogenital schistosomiasis and IPIs in males [ 2 , 3 , 23 ]. Unlike our study, Tangi FB et al study [ 39 ] found a high frequency of IPIs among females in both diabetes mellitus and control group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subsequently, each sample was examined by a simple-direct saline method, formal-ether concentration technique, and modified Ziehl–Neelsen (ZN) method (for Cryptosporidium and Cyclospora spp) as described formerly [ 9 ]. Helminths infections intensities were also counted for helminths positive samples by Kato-Katz technique (Triplicate thick smears using standard 41.7 mg template) [ 22 , 23 ], and the mean fecal egg counts (FEC) has estimated and stated as eggs per gram of feces (EPG). Based on the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines [ 21 ], the intensity of S. mansoni infection had classified as light (1–99 EPG), moderate (100–399 EPG), or heavy (≥ 400 EPG).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association of urogenital and intestinal parasitic infections with type 2 diabetes individuals: a comparative study

Almugadam

Ibrahim²,

Liu

et al. 2021

BMC Infect Dis

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Background Globally, urogenital and intestinal parasitosis remain significant health challenges. They are associated with rising morbidity, death, and many harmful outcomes. A little is known concerning parasitosis and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Our study planned to investigate the urogenital and intestinal parasitic infections among type 2 diabetes patients compare to non-diabetic (Control) individuals and examine the intensity of helminthiasis in both groups. Methods At Kosti Teaching Hospital (Sudan), 300 Urine and 300 stool samples have collected from 150 type 2 diabetes and 150 control individuals, along with the socio-demographic data using a structured questionnaire. The parasitic infections were examined by direct sedimentation technique for urine specimens. Whereas, for fecal samples, simple-direct saline, formal-ether concentration, Kato-Katz, and modified Ziehl–Neelsen techniques were used. Results Out of 150 type 2 diabetes patients studied, 31 (20.6%) and 14 (9.3%) had intestinal parasitosis and urogenital schistosomiasis, respectively. Whereas, 16 (10.6%) and 8 (5.3%) of the control group were infected, respectively. Compared to the control group, the odds of testing positive for either urogenital schistosomiasis (AOR: 2.548, 95% CI: 0.836–7.761, P = 0.100) or intestinal parasitic diseases (AOR: 2.099, 95% CI: 0.973–4.531, P = 0.059) were greater in diabetic individuals. Likewise, the intensities of helminthiasis were much higher in the diabetic patients and positively correlated with the duration of illness. The rate of urogenital schistosomiasis was also significantly different among the disease duration subcategories. Conclusions Our study has highlighted the relationship of type 2 diabetes with urogenital and intestinal parasitic infections and enhanced our knowledge about the frequency of particular urogenital and intestinal parasites as well as the intensity of helminths infection in type 2 diabetes compared to non-diabetic individuals, which are important for further studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Association of urogenital and intestinal parasitic infections with type 2 diabetes individuals: a comparative study

Almugadam

Ibrahim²,

Liu

et al. 2021

BMC Infect Dis

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“…Schistosomiasis has a widespread distribution in several parts of Ethiopia usually at an altitude between 1200-2000 m above sea level [6], where an estimated 38.3 million people are living in schistosomiasis endemic areas [7]. In endemic areas, children have a greater risk of becoming infected as well as re-infected [8][9][10]. Fascioliasis is another important parasitic snail-borne disease in tropical and subtropical countries [11].…”

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confidence: 99%

Environmental and biotic factors affecting freshwater snail intermediate hosts in the Ethiopian Rift Valley region

et al. 2020

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Background: Knowledge of the distribution and habitat preference of freshwater snail intermediate hosts can provide information to initiate and setup effective snail control programmes. However, there is limited research conducted on the factors driving the occurrence and abundance of freshwater snail intermediate hosts in the Ethiopian Rift Valley. Hence, in this study, we investigated how environmental and biotic factors influence the occurrence and abundance of the snail intermediate hosts in Ethiopian Rift Valley region. Methods: Data on freshwater snails, physico-chemical water quality parameters, physical characteristics of habitat, predators and competitors, and anthropogenic activity variables were collected from 174 sampling sites during the wet season of 2017 and 2018. Generalized linear models were used to identify the main environmental and biotic factors affecting the occurrence and abundance of the snail species. Results: It was found that Bulinus globosus (31.7%) was the most abundant snail species followed by Lymnaea natalensis (21.6%), Lymnaea truncatula (15.1%) and Biomphalaria pfeifferi (14.6%). Generalized linear models indicated that physico-chemical parameters (water temperature, turbidity, chlorophyll-a, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand, alkalinity, calcium, magnesium, nitrate and ammonia), physical habitat characteristics (water depth, canopy cover, macrophyte cover and substrate type) and biotic factors (abundance of predators and competitors) were found to be the main variables determining the occurrence and abundance of snail species in the Ethiopian Rift Valley region. In terms of anthropogenic activities, human settlement, farming, bathing and swimming, clothes washing, grazing, drainage of land, car washing, boating, fishing and silviculture were also important variables determining the occurrence and abundance of snail species in the region. Conclusions: The findings reported herein suggest that integrated snail control strategies should be considered to control snails via protection of water bodies from disturbance by anthropogenic activities. In this way, it is possible to reduce the concentration of organic matter and dissolved ions in aquatic ecosystems which are conducive for the presence of snails.

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“…The selected studies confirm that schistosomiasis is or was prevalent in peri-urban and urban areas in the countries assessed. Point prevalence estimates ranged from low (below 1% in Tanga, Tanzania [ 13 ]; 1.9% in Korhogo, Côte d’Ivoire, 2015 [ 28 ]; 8.4% in Jimma Town, Ethiopia [ 29 ]) to moderate (17.4% in Ibadan, Nigeria [ 30 ]; 20.7%, Lusaka, Zambia, 2007 [ 31 ]; 24.9%, State of Alagoas, Brazil [ 32 ]) to high (61.5%, Adwa, Ethiopia [ 33 ]; 60.9%, Abeokuta, Nigeria in 1987 [ 34 ]]). Years of data collection have been provided when specifically indicated in the papers.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic literature review of schistosomiasis in urban and peri-urban settings

Klohe¹,

Koudou

Fenwick

et al. 2021

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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Background Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease caused by trematode worms of the genus Schistosoma and belongs to the neglected tropical diseases. The disease has been reported in 78 countries, with around 290.8 million people in need of treatment in 2018. Schistosomiasis is predominantly considered a rural disease with a subsequent focus of research and control activities in rural settings. Over the past decades, occurrence and even expansion of schistosomiasis foci in peri-urban and urban settings have increasingly been observed. Rural–urban migration in low- and middle-income countries and subsequent rapid and unplanned urbanization are thought to explain these observations. Fifty-five percent (55%) of the world population is already estimated to live in urban areas, with a projected increase to 68% by 2050. In light of rapid urbanization and the efforts to control morbidity and ultimately achieve elimination of schistosomiasis, it is important to deepen our understanding of the occurrence, prevalence, and transmission of schistosomiasis in urban and peri-urban settings. A systematic literature review looking at urban and peri-urban schistosomiasis was therefore carried out as a first step to address the research and mapping gap. Methodology Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic computer-aided literature review was carried out using PubMed, ScienceDirect, and the World Health Organization Database in November 2019, which was updated in March 2020. Only papers for which at least the abstract was available in English were used. Relevant publications were screened, duplicates were removed, guidelines for eligibility were applied, and eligible studies were reviewed. Studies looking at human Schistosoma infections, prevalence, and intensity of infection in urban and peri-urban settings were included as well as those focusing on the intermediate host snails. Principal findings A total of 248 publications met the inclusion criteria. The selected studies confirm that schistosomiasis is prevalent in peri-urban and urban areas in the countries assessed. Earlier studies report higher prevalence levels in urban settings compared to data extracted from more recent publications, yet the challenge of migration, rapid uncontrolled urbanization, and resulting poor living conditions highlight the potential for continuous or even newly established transmission to take place. Conclusions The review indicates that schistosomiasis has long existed in urban and peri-urban areas and remains a public health problem. There is, however, a challenge of comparability of settings due to the lack of a clear definition of what constitutes urban and peri-urban. There is a pressing need for improved monitoring of schistosomiasis in urban communities and consideration of treatment strategies.

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Prevalence and intensity of Schistosoma mansoni infections among schoolchildren attending primary schools in an urban setting in Southwest, Ethiopia

Cited by 17 publications

References 38 publications

Association of urogenital and intestinal parasitic infections with type 2 diabetes individuals: a comparative study

Association of urogenital and intestinal parasitic infections with type 2 diabetes individuals: a comparative study

Environmental and biotic factors affecting freshwater snail intermediate hosts in the Ethiopian Rift Valley region

A systematic literature review of schistosomiasis in urban and peri-urban settings

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