Prevalence and predictors of vitamin D deficiency in a nationally representative sample of Australian adolescents and young adults

Horton-French, Kahlea; Dunlop, Eleanor; Lucas, Robyn; Pereira, Gavin; Black, Lucinda J

doi:10.1038/s41430-021-00880-y

Cited by 38 publications

(32 citation statements)

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“…In the overall sample of 12 to 24 y-olds, the prevalence of inadequacy was 29% in males and 23% in females [39]. The yearly estimates for all three representative samples were not adjusted for seasonality, but estimates based on season were also reported [37][38][39], as were estimates based on vitamin D supplement use or not for the Australian adults [37] but not the other two samples [38,39]. Data from the 2002 Children's National Survey in New Zealand has shown that 7.5% and 48.5% of children (aged 5-15 y) of the 'New Zealand European and other group' ethnic group (n=468) had serum 25(OH)D (measured by immunoassay) <30 and <50 nmol/L, respectively [40].…”

Section: Oceaniamentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Again, the prevalence of serum 25(OH)D <30 nmol/L was similar in men and women (5.0% and 4.5%, respectively). Seventeen percent and 32% of adolescents (12-17 y, n=692) and young adults (18-24 y, n=400), who participated in the nationally representative 2011-2013 Australian Health Survey had serum 25(OH)D concentrations (measured via LC-MS/MS) <50 nmol/L [39]. In the overall sample of 12 to 24 y-olds, the prevalence of inadequacy was 29% in males and 23% in females [39].…”

Section: Oceaniamentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Seventeen percent and 32% of adolescents (12-17 y, n=692) and young adults (18-24 y, n=400), who participated in the nationally representative 2011-2013 Australian Health Survey had serum 25(OH)D concentrations (measured via LC-MS/MS) <50 nmol/L [39]. In the overall sample of 12 to 24 y-olds, the prevalence of inadequacy was 29% in males and 23% in females [39]. The yearly estimates for all three representative samples were not adjusted for seasonality, but estimates based on season were also reported [37][38][39], as were estimates based on vitamin D supplement use or not for the Australian adults [37] but not the other two samples [38,39].…”

Section: Oceaniamentioning

confidence: 99%

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100 YEARS OF VITAMIN D: Global differences in vitamin D status and dietary intake: a review of the data

Cashman

2022

Endocrine Connections

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Background: Internationally, concern has been repeatedly raised about the little notable progress in the collection, analysis and use of population micronutrient status and deficiency data globally. The need for representative status and intake data for vitamin D has been highlighted as a research priority for well over a decade. Aim and methods: A narrative review which aims to provide a summary and assessment of vitamin D nutritional status data globally. It divides the World into the Food and Agriculture Organisation’s (FAO) major regions: the Americas, Europe, Oceania, Africa, and Asia. Emphasis was placed on published data on prevalence of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] <25/30 and <50 nmol/L (reflecting vitamin D deficiency and inadequacy, respectively) as well as vitamin D intake, where possible from nationally representative surveys. Results: Collating data from the limited number of available representative surveys from individual countries might suggest a relatively low overall prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in South America, Oceania and North America, whereas there is more moderate prevalence in Europe and Asia, and possibly Africa. Overall, prevalence of serum 25(OH)D <25/30 and <50 nmol/L ranges from ~5% to 18% and 24% to 49%, respectively, depending on FAO World region. Usual intakes of vitamin D can also vary by FAO World region, but in general, with a few exceptions, there are very high levels of inadequacy of vitamin D intake. Conclusions: While the burden of vitamin D deficiency and inadequacy varies by World regions and not just by UVB availability, the global burden overall translates into enormous numbers of individuals at risk.

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Section: Oceaniamentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Oceaniamentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Oceaniamentioning

confidence: 99%

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100 YEARS OF VITAMIN D: Global differences in vitamin D status and dietary intake: a review of the data

Cashman

2022

Endocrine Connections

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“…However, over the last decade, the key role of vitamin D in inflammation and immunoregulation has been increasingly recognised. Despite this critical role, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency remains widespread, with 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels below 50 nmol/L (the common threshold for defining vitamin D deficiency [ 39 ]) affecting approximately 25% of US and Australian populations, as well as nearly 40% of Canadian and European populations [ 40 , 41 ]. These deficiency rates are largely attributed to the rising prevalence of obesity and sedentary indoor lifestyles, as well as sunscreen use and sun avoidance from fears of skin cancer.…”

Section: Vitamin D and The Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D and COVID-19: An Overview of Recent Evidence

Ghelani

Alesi

Mousa

2021

IJMS

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The novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) has progressed rapidly from an outbreak to a global pandemic, with new variants rapidly emerging. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the disease resulting from SARS-CoV-2 infection, can lead to multiorgan damage. Due to the extremely contagious and fatal nature of the virus, it has been a priority of medical research to find effective means of treatment. Amid this search, the role of vitamin D in modulating various aspects of the innate and adaptive immune system has been discussed. This review aims to consolidate the research surrounding the role of vitamin D in the treatment and prevention of COVID-19. While there are some conflicting results reported, the consensus is that vitamin D has a host of immunomodulatory effects which may be beneficial in the context of COVID-19 and that low levels of vitamin D can result in dysfunction of crucial antimicrobial effects, potentially contributing to poor prognosis. Studies also show that the effects of low vitamin D can be mitigated via supplementation, although the benefits of vitamin D supplementation in the treatment of COVID-19 remain controversial.

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“…An American study (Tangpricha et al, 2002) found that vitamin D deficiency was significantly more prevalent in young adults (aged 18-25 years old, most were university students) than other older adult groups in winter. A recent Australian study showed similar results that more young adults (aged 18-24 years) were vitamin D deficient than adults aged ≥ 25 years due to low dietary vitamin D intake, being overweight and low physical activity (Horton-French et al, 2021). The transition from adolescence toward adulthood is a critical period regarding changes in health behaviours (Desbouys et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Vitamin D status and dietary intake in young university students in the UK

Dong

Asmolovaite

Marseal

et al. 2021

NFS

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Purpose Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent worldwide. This paper aims to investigate the vitamin D status and dietary intake in young university students. Design/methodology/approach Forty-one healthy students aged 18–29 years from Coventry University UK were recruited during January-February 2019, including white Caucasians (n = 18), African-Caribbeans (n = 14) and Asians (n = 9). Plasma 25(OH)D concentrations were measured and dietary vitamin D intake was determined. Chi-square and simple linear regression were used to analyse the data. Findings The plasma 25(OH)D concentrations were (36.0 ± 22.2) nmol/L in all subjects, (46.5 ± 25.3) nmol/L in white Caucasians, (22.6 ± 7.4) nmol/L in African-Caribbeans and (37.4 ± 21.7 nmol/L) in Asians. The majority (85.7%) of African-Caribbeans were vitamin D deficient compared with 22.2% of white Caucasians and 33.3% of Asians (p = 0.001). Overweight/obese subjects showed a significant higher proportion of vitamin D deficiency (65%) than normal weight subjects (28.6%) (p = 0.04). The average dietary vitamin D intake in all subjects was (4.6 ± 3.9) µg/day. Only 12.1% of the subjects met the recommended dietary vitamin D intake of 10 µg/day. Dietary vitamin D intake (p = 0.04) and ethnicity (p = 0.01) were significant predictors of 25(OH)D levels and accounted for 13% and 18.5% of 25(OH)D variance, respectively. Research limitations/implications This small-scale study showed an alarmingly high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among subjects from African-Caribbean origin during wintertime. Education programs and campaigns are urgently needed to fight the vitamin D deficiency in this population. Originality/value The targeted population were in a critical period of transition from adolescence toward adulthood involving in changes in behaviours and nutrition.

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Prevalence and predictors of vitamin D deficiency in a nationally representative sample of Australian adolescents and young adults

Cited by 38 publications

References 44 publications

100 YEARS OF VITAMIN D: Global differences in vitamin D status and dietary intake: a review of the data

100 YEARS OF VITAMIN D: Global differences in vitamin D status and dietary intake: a review of the data

Vitamin D and COVID-19: An Overview of Recent Evidence

Vitamin D status and dietary intake in young university students in the UK

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