Prevalence and Risk Factors for Xerosis in the Elderly: A Cross-Sectional Epidemiological Study in Primary Care

Paul, C.; Maumus-Robert, Sandy; Mazereeuw‐Hautier, J.; Guyen, C.N.; X, Saudez; Schmitt, Anne

doi:10.1159/000334631

Cited by 119 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Importantly the levels of these metabolites are depleted in aged and xerotic skin, and correlate with the severity of xerotic skin conditions such as AD [5,24,53,54]. Low NMF levels associated with an FLG gene mutation are a major risk factor for the development of AD, and by extension also asteatotic eczema [1,55,56]. The test emollient therefore addresses an important pathological process in xerotic skin conditions, setting it apart from emollients without humectants and skin lipids like the control emollient tested here.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of an Emollient Containing Urea, Ceramide NP, and Lactate on Skin Barrier Structure and Function in Older People with Dry Skin

Danby

Brown

Higgs-Bayliss

et al. 2016

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

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Xerosis affects up to 75% of older people and develops as a result of a skin barrier defect. Emollients are widely used to treat xerosis; however, there is limited understanding of the differences between them and their effects on the skin barrier in older people. This study aimed to compare the effect of a commercially available emollient containing 5% urea, ceramide NP and lactate (test emollient) to an alternative emollient without these additives (control emollient) on the properties of the skin barrier in older people. Two cohorts of 21 volunteers aged >60 years with dry skin were recruited. The first applied the test emollient to one forearm and no treatment to the other for 28 days. The second compared the test emollient to the control emollient observing the same parameters. Effects on the skin barrier were determined by measuring skin barrier function, hydration, skin surface pH and by analysing Fourier transform infrared spectra before and after treatment. A third cohort of 6 young adults was recruited to investigate the effect of a single treatment with the test emollient on the molecular structure of the skin barrier at greater depths by employing the tape-stripping technique. The test emollient hydrated the skin to a significantly greater extent and for a longer period of time compared to the control emollient, an effect associated with a significant elevation of carboxylate groups (a marker of natural moisturizing factor content) within the stratum corneum. Furthermore, the test emollient imparted additional benefits to the structure and function of the skin barrier not exhibited by the control emollient. In conclusion, the test emollient addressed the pathological features of xerotic aged skin, supporting its use as first-line therapy for xerotic skin conditions in this population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Worldwide the prevalence of xerosis increases with advancing age, affecting up to 75% of older people [1]. The development of xerotic conditions, such as atopic dermatitis (AD), asteatotic eczema and winter xerosis, is associated with a skin barrier defect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of an Emollient Containing Urea, Ceramide NP, and Lactate on Skin Barrier Structure and Function in Older People with Dry Skin

Danby

Brown

Higgs-Bayliss

et al. 2016

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

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“…While chronological or intrinsic aging is characterized by a reduction of skin thickness, loss of skin elasticity, collagen fibre degeneration, xerosis and wrinkle formation [21,22,23,24,25,26,27], extrinsic or photoaging caused by sunlight exposition leads to deep-wrinkled, dyspigmented skin and the formation of small dilated blood vessels near the skin surface (telangiectasia) [28]. It can be assumed that the most prominent physiological alterations in chronological and photoaging are localized in the dermis and caused by the metabolism of dermal collagen fibres.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Supplementation of Specific Collagen Peptides Has Beneficial Effects on Human Skin Physiology: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study

Proksch¹,

Segger²,

Degwert³

et al. 2013

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

192

147

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Various dietary supplements are claimed to have cutaneous anti-aging properties; however, there are a limited number of research studies supporting these claims. The objective of this research was to study the effectiveness of collagen hydrolysate (CH) composed of specific collagen peptides on skin biophysical parameters related to cutaneous aging. In this double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 69 women aged 35-55 years were randomized to receive 2.5 g or 5.0 g of CH or placebo once daily for 8 weeks, with 23 subjects being allocated to each treatment group. Skin elasticity, skin moisture, transepidermal water loss and skin roughness were objectively measured before the first oral product application (t0) and after 4 (t1) and 8 weeks (t2) of regular intake. Skin elasticity (primary interest) was also assessed at follow-up 4 weeks after the last intake of CH (t3, 4-week regression phase). At the end of the study, skin elasticity in both CH dosage groups showed a statistically significant improvement in comparison to placebo. After 4 weeks of follow-up treatment, a statistically significantly higher skin elasticity level was determined in elderly women. With regard to skin moisture and skin evaporation, a positive influence of CH treatment could be observed in a subgroup analysis, but data failed to reach a level of statistical significance. No side effects were noted throughout the study.

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“…Dry skin conditions, including stratum corneum (SC) drying stresses, are prevalent in the general population especially in aged skin [1]. Drying stresses have been well characterized as a function of the chemical potential of water in the environment as well as in the presence of molecules that can alter the barrier function of SC [2][3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between water loss, mechanical stress, and molecular structure of human stratum corneum ex vivo

Vyumvuhore

Tfayli

Biniek

et al. 2014

Journal of Biophotonics

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Proper hydration of the stratum corneum (SC) is important for maintaining skin's vital functions. Water loss causes development of drying stresses, which can be perceived as 'tightness', and plays an important role in dry skin damage processes. However, molecular structure modifications arising from water loss and the subsequent development of stress has not been established. We investigated the drying stress mechanism by studying, ex vivo, the behaviors of the SC components during water desorption from initially fully hydrated samples using Raman spectroscopy. Simultaneously, we measure the SC mechanical stress with a substrate curvature instrument. Very good correlations of water loss to the mechanical stress of the stratum corneum were obtained, and the latter was found to depend mainly on the unbound water fraction. In addition to that, the water loss is accompanied with an increase of lipids matrix compactness characterized by lower chain freedom, while protein structure showed an increase in amount of α-helices, a decline in α-sheets, and an increase in folding in the tertiary structure of keratin. The drying process of SC involves a complex interplay of water binding, molecular modifications, and mechanical stress. This article provides a better understanding of the molecular mechanism associated to SC mechanics.

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Prevalence and Risk Factors for Xerosis in the Elderly: A Cross-Sectional Epidemiological Study in Primary Care

Cited by 119 publications

References 43 publications

The Effect of an Emollient Containing Urea, Ceramide NP, and Lactate on Skin Barrier Structure and Function in Older People with Dry Skin

The Effect of an Emollient Containing Urea, Ceramide NP, and Lactate on Skin Barrier Structure and Function in Older People with Dry Skin

Oral Supplementation of Specific Collagen Peptides Has Beneficial Effects on Human Skin Physiology: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study

The relationship between water loss, mechanical stress, and molecular structure of human stratum corneum ex vivo

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