Prevalence and risk factors for intrafamilial transmission of hepatitis C virus in Karachi, Pakistan

Akhtar, Saeed; Moatter, Tariq; Azam, Syed Iqbal; Rahbar, Mohammad H.; Adil, Salman Naseem

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2893.2002.00350.x

Cited by 57 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…A number of studies have reported an intrafamilial spread of HCV to be five-to tenfold higher in individuals living with an HCV infected person as compared to the general population. Other than sexual contacts, nonsexual risk factors include mother to child exposure at birth and some behavioral attitudes at risk such as sharing of toothbrush, blades, and razors [Ackerman et al, 2000;Akhtar et al, 2002;Memon and Memon, 2002;Mast, 2004]. Other reports, in contrast, suggested a very low extent for intrafamilial transmission of HCV [Kim et al, 1998;Saltoglu et al, 1998;Keiserman et al, 2003].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrasting patterns of hepatitis C virus infection in two regions from Tunisia

Mejri

Salah

Triki

et al. 2005

Journal of Medical Virology

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This report is a population-based study describing the pattern of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in two distinct regions in Tunisia. The study included a total of 11,507 individuals sampled in 1996 from both genders, all age groups, urban and rural settings belonging to 2,973 families. HCV infection was assessed by commercial enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and immunoblot assays and detection of HCV RNA by PCR. HCV genotypes and subtypes were determined by sequencing in the 5'-untranslated region (UTR) viral genomic region and the INNO-LiPA HCVII genotyping kit. Genetic relatedness between HCV strains was assessed by sequencing of a portion of the NS5B region. HCV prevalence was significantly higher in the North-Western region than in the Southern one: 1.7% versus 0.2% (P < 10(-3), chi(2) = 8,506). There was no difference in positivity according to gender or living in rural or urban settings; the only significant risk factor was advanced age. HCV prevalence among household contacts of HCV positives was not significantly higher than the prevalence in the whole study population. These results indicate a heterogeneity in the geographical distribution of HCV in Tunisia. An increased HCV transmission occurs in the North-Western region with large predominance of genotype 1b (88%) and low contribution of intrafamilial transmission.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrasting patterns of hepatitis C virus infection in two regions from Tunisia

Mejri

Salah

Triki

et al. 2005

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…48 Conversely, a cross-sectional study performed in Pakistan found that 20.5% of 341 household contacts of 86 anti-HCV-positive children with thalassemia had anti-HCV antibodies. 49 In another study, performed in India, 16% of 125 first-degree relatives of thalassemia patients with chronic HCV infection were found to be positive for anti-HCV. 50 The high number of successful pregnancies has provided evidence of the relative safety of pregnancy in women with thalassemia major.…”

Section: What Proportion Of Thalassemia Patients Have Chronic Viral Imentioning

confidence: 97%

Management of chronic viral hepatitis in patients with thalassemia: recommendations from an international panel

Marco

Capra²,

Angelucci³

et al. 2010

Blood

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IntroductionIn the last 4 decades, regular blood transfusions and chelation therapy have improved the survival of patients with thalassemia major. 1-3 Despite the progress on chelation therapy, cardiac complications remain the main cause of death among transfusiondependent thalassemia patients related to the susceptibility of cardiac cells to iron overload toxicity. 4,5 The interest in the clinical management of chronic liver diseases has been increasing, however, because of the high prevalence of viral infections in adult transfusion-dependent thalassemia patients and the central role of the liver in regulating the iron metabolism. 5,6 The assessment of heart and liver iron overload is required to tailor iron chelation therapy. Furthermore, the diagnosis of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-or hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related chronic hepatitis is required to identify patients who have a high risk of developing liver complications and who may obtain a benefit by antiviral therapy.The goals of this paper are to summarize the epidemiology and the risks of transmission of viral infections, to analyze invasive and noninvasive methods for the diagnosis of chronic liver disease, to report the knowledge on clinical course of chronic viral hepatitis, and to suggest the management of antiviral therapy. For personal use only. on May 12, 2018. by guest www.bloodjournal.org From An expert hepatologist prepared an initial draft based on systematic review of published literature by Medline search on viral hepatitis in thalassemia patients, examined recently published guidelines on the diagnosis, management, and treatment of chronic hepatitis B and chronic hepatitis C edited by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, the European Association for the Study of the Liver, and the Asian-Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver 7-10 and the Consensus Development Conference sponsored by the National Institutes of Health. 11 Recommendations of the panel of experts were based insofar as possible on evidence from publications that reported data on thalassemia patients. If evidence from thalassemia patients was unavailable, the panel selected recommendations from published guidelines that were suitable for thalassemia patients. Recommendations were evaluated according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation system and classified into 3 levels: high, moderate, or low 12 (Table 1). For each recommendation, the level of evidence (high, moderate, or low) and population studied (general population of patients with viral chronic hepatitis or thalassemia patients) was specified. The panel of experts discussed the draft issue by issue, and 3 experts on blood transfusion, iron metabolism, and viral hepatitis management reviewed the recommendations. Finally, 8 international external experts in pediatrics, hematology, and viral hepatitis reviewed and criticized the recommendations. Methods Results What proportion of thalassemia patients have chronic viral infections?Worldwide, from 0.3% to 5.7% of thala...

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“…In this age group 38% patients have higher level of Bilirubin (2.6 ± 11) while, 45% have higher level of Alakaline phosphtase (370 ± 56) as compare to the normal limits (Figures 1-2). Many of the earlier studies from various regions of Pakistan have reported high prevalence of HCV (20.5% -60%), [9,10]. The poor dental procedures are the major source of HBV or HCV exposure (39.7%) that is followed by injections (16.6%) and finally the surgical unsterilized items (16.6%) [11].…”

Section: Group 4 (Female Above Age 35 Years)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of viral HBV and HCV among different group patients in Gujrat Pakistan

Irshad¹,

Raza²,

Anwar³

et al. 2012

ABB

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In this study we analyzed blood samples collected from 400 high risk patients for the prevalence of an inflammatory viral disease hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) with the help of standard kit assay and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All the samples were selected randomly from the various places of District Gujrat, Pakistan. All the selected cases were first divided into four groups according to the age and sex (Group 1, Male below age 35 years; Group 2, Male above age 35 years; Group 3, Female below age 35 years; Group 4, Female above age 35 years), each group was comprised of 100 individual patients and analyzed for different parameters for the presence of HBV and HCV in comparison with positive and negative controls. The prevalence of HBV and HCV was higher in groups 2 (22%) and 4 (39%) respectively. Assay profile revealed that the incidence of HCV was higher in female patients as compare to the male patients. The present study indicates that more than 60% of the cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in the Region is attributable to hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.

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Prevalence and risk factors for intrafamilial transmission of hepatitis C virus in Karachi, Pakistan

Cited by 57 publications

References 40 publications

Contrasting patterns of hepatitis C virus infection in two regions from Tunisia

Contrasting patterns of hepatitis C virus infection in two regions from Tunisia

Management of chronic viral hepatitis in patients with thalassemia: recommendations from an international panel

Prevalence of viral HBV and HCV among different group patients in Gujrat Pakistan

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