Prevalence, Distribution, and Diversity of Salmonella enterica in a Major Produce Region of California

Gorski, Lisa; Parker, Craig T.; Liang, Anita S.; Cooley, Michael B.; Jay-Russell, Michele; Gordus, Andrew; Atwill, Edward R.; Mandrell, Robert E.

doi:10.1128/aem.02321-10

Cited by 227 publications

(242 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Addis et al (30) reported that Salmonella strains isolated from fecal and milk samples of dairy cattle were resistant to ampicillin (100%), streptomycin (66.7%), and nitrofurazone (58.3%) and sensitive to ciprofloxacin (91.7%), clotrimazole (87.5%), and cephaxon (75%). Gorski et al (25) stated that Salmonella isolates were sensitive to 12 different antibiotics. Wieczorek and Osek (24) stated that some of the S. Dublin, S. Enteritidis, and S. London strains were resistant to sulfamethizole.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serotypes of Salmonella isolated from feces of cattle, buffalo,and camel and sensitivities to antibiotics in Turkey

Hadimli¹,

Pinarkara²,

Sakmanoğlu³

et al. 2017

Turk J Vet Anim Sci

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IntroductionSalmonellosis is a common bacterial enteric infection with significant economic losses for the intensive production of cattle, sheep, and poultry (1,2). Salmonella species are zoonotic and are transmitted to humans via ingestion of contaminated milk, eggs, and meat (3,4). Although Salmonella infections may occur at any age in cattle, the associated clinical symptoms are more severe in calves from the first 2 weeks to 3 months of their life (5,6).Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica may cause infections associated with several clinical symptoms or systemic infections characterized by diarrhea and septicemia and may even lead to death in severe cases. It can be harbored by asymptomatic carriers (2,5). In the enteric form of salmonellosis, the stool is sticky and watery and has a putrid odor. It may contain flecks of mucus, shreds of the mucous membrane, and in some cases blood. Young calves and lambs frequently develop septicemia. Furthermore, marked depression, fever, symptoms of the central nervous system, pneumonia, and death within 2-3 days can also occur (7-9). Clinical symptoms and necropsy findings alone are not sufficient for a definitive diagnosis of Salmonella infection. It is imperative to isolate and identify the causative Salmonella species (10-12). While the isolation of Salmonella is relatively easy via bacterial culture from samples taken from animals with septicemia, carcasses, and the organs of aborted fetuses, enrichment is needed to increase the chance of isolating Salmonella from feed samples or from fecal cultures used to detect carriers (7,13,14).This study aimed to isolate and serotype Salmonella species from fecal samples of dairy cattle, calves with diarrhea, camels, and water buffaloes and to determine sensitivities of the isolates to antibiotics. Materials and methods SamplingA total of 869 fecal samples were collected from 21 herds in 13 provinces (Konya,

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cattle are the most important Salmonella reservoir agents and consumption of infected cattle meat is related to salmonellosis epidemics (25). Various studies were carried out to isolate and serotype Salmonella from dairy cattle and calves (4,7,14,18,21,22,24).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serotypes of Salmonella isolated from feces of cattle, buffalo,and camel and sensitivities to antibiotics in Turkey

Hadimli¹,

Pinarkara²,

Sakmanoğlu³

et al. 2017

Turk J Vet Anim Sci

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“…Although established methods for detecting EHEC and Salmonella are readily available (11,12,21), the specific methods used by the third-party company were not disclosed. Generally, however, the company's pathogen testing procedure consists of DNA preparation, amplification, and detection.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both pathogens are carried by domestic animals (e.g., cattle) and wildlife; however, whereas S. enterica is readily isolated from many wildlife hosts (10,11), EHEC is generally more prevalent in cattle than in wildlife. In one study, for example, 37.9% of cattle vs. only 7.4% of wildlife samples obtained from California's Central Coast tested positive for EHEC (12).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Second, we predicted that EHEC prevalence would not decline on farms that had removed noncrop vegetation. Third, we expected that a high prevalence of Salmonella in wildlife (11) would cause an increase in Salmonella prevalence near both nongrazed and grazed seminatural areas. Fourth, we predicted that removing noncrop vegetation would reduce the incidence of Salmonella in fresh produce.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Comanaging fresh produce for nature conservation and food safety

Karp

Gennet

Kilonzo

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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In 2006, a deadly Escherichia coli O157:H7 outbreak in bagged spinach was traced to California's Central Coast region, where >70% of the salad vegetables sold in the United States are produced. Although no definitive cause for the outbreak could be determined, wildlife was implicated as a disease vector. Growers were subsequently pressured to minimize the intrusion of wildlife onto their farm fields by removing surrounding noncrop vegetation. How vegetation removal actually affects foodborne pathogens remains unknown, however. We combined a fine-scale land use map with three datasets comprising ∼250,000 enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), generic E. coli, and Salmonella tests in produce, irrigation water, and rodents to quantify whether seminatural vegetation surrounding farmland is associated with foodborne pathogen prevalence in California's Central Coast region. We found that EHEC in fresh produce increased by more than an order of magnitude from 2007 to 2013, despite extensive vegetation clearing at farm field margins. Furthermore, although EHEC prevalence in produce was highest on farms near areas suitable for livestock grazing, we found no evidence of increased EHEC, generic E. coli, or Salmonella near nongrazed, seminatural areas. Rather, pathogen prevalence increased the most on farms where noncrop vegetation was removed, calling into question reforms that promote vegetation removal to improve food safety. These results suggest a path forward for comanaging fresh produce farms for food safety and environmental quality, as federal food safety reforms spread across ∼4.5 M acres of US farmland.agriculture | biodiversity | disease ecology | E. coli | foodborne pathogens

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Human pathogens in plant biofilms: Formation, physiology, and detection

Ximenes

Hoagland

et al. 2017

Biotech & Bioengineering

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Fresh produce, viewed as an essential part of a healthy life style is usually consumed in the form of raw or minimally processed fruits and vegetables, and is a potentially important source of food-borne human pathogenic bacteria and viruses. These are passed on to the consumer since the bacteria can form biofilms or otherwise populate plant tissues, thereby using plants as vectors to infect animal hosts. The life cycle of the bacteria in plants differs from those in animals or humans and results in altered physiochemical and biological properties (e.g., physiology, immunity, native microflora, physical barriers, mobility, and temperature). Mechanisms by which healthy plants may become contaminated by microorganisms, develop biofilms, and then pass on their pathogenic burden to people are explored in the context of hollow fiber microfiltration by which plant-derived microorganisms may be recovered and rapidly concentrated to facilitate study of their properties. Enzymes, when added to macerated plant tissues, hydrolyze or alter macromolecules that would otherwise foul hollow-fiber microfiltration membranes. Hence, microfiltration may be used to quickly increase the concentration of microorganisms to detectable levels. This review discusses microbial colonization of vegetables, formation and properties of biofilms, and how hollow fiber microfiltration may be used to concentrate microbial targets to detectable levels. The use of added enzymes helps to disintegrate biofilms and minimize hollow fiber membrane fouling, thereby providing a new tool for more time effectively elucidating mechanisms by which biofilms develop and plant tissue becomes contaminated with human pathogens. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 1403-1418. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Prevalence, Distribution, and Diversity of Salmonella enterica in a Major Produce Region of California

Cited by 227 publications

References 46 publications

Serotypes of Salmonella isolated from feces of cattle, buffalo,and camel and sensitivities to antibiotics in Turkey

Serotypes of Salmonella isolated from feces of cattle, buffalo,and camel and sensitivities to antibiotics in Turkey

Comanaging fresh produce for nature conservation and food safety

Human pathogens in plant biofilms: Formation, physiology, and detection

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