Prevalence of Acinetobacter infections among Intensive Care Unit's patients in Najran

Abstract

The rising prevalence of Acinetobacter infections in the intensive care units (ICUs) causes a great concern due their extraordinary ability to develop resistance to multiple classes of antimicrobial agents. This is a cross-sectional and facility based study that conducted in King Khalid hospital in Najran, Saudi Arabia. The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of Acinetobacter infections in the ICU patients, and to identify antibiotic susceptibility of the Acinetobacter isolates. 180 ICU patients were studied during the period from Aug. 2016 to April 2017. Acinetobacter was isolated in 21(11.7%) of patients. It was isolated from tracheal secretions in 43% of the isolates, followed by sputum (23%), wounds (14%), Central Venous Line (CVL) (9%), urine and blood (6%) for each respectively. Acinetobacter infection was increased significantly in patients with old ages, patients with chronic diseases and those undergoing invasive procedures (P=0.001). Acinetobacter sensitivity tests were performed, they showed that the isolates were resistant to many antibiotics in terms of Ampicillin, Cephalothin, Cefuroxime, Gentamycin, Amikacin, Tobramycin, Ofloxacine, Rifampicin and Colistin was respectively 87%, 86%, 79%, 76%, 52%, 43%, 33%, 32% and 8%. It was concluded that Acinetobacter is an important nosocomial infection pathogen in the ICU patients. Few treatment options are currently available, and for this reason, prevention and infection control measures are essential, including antibiotic control strategies in the ICUs.

Acinetobacter baumannii

“…73 In a cross-sectional study aimed at estimating the prevalence of Acinetobacter infections A. baumannii, a multidrug-resistant pathogen ... Aldali in patients admitted to the intensive care unit at King Khalid Hospital, the organism was found in 11.7% of patients. 74 Factors identified as increasing the likelihood of infection include old age, chronic diseases, and invasive procedures. The A. baumannii isolates cultured demonstrated multidrug resistance rates comparable to those reported by other studies.…”

“…For instance, the resistance rate against cefuroxime was 79%, amikacin was 43%, and colistin was 8%. 74 Table 1 is summarize all prevalence, risk factor, ABO genes report from various studies in Saudi Arabia.…”

Discernment of Acinetobacter Species in World Scenario

“…(Central-venous-Catheterization, Urinary-catheterization, Prior-exposure) to potent antibiotics and invasive procedures are all risk factors for Acinetobacter colonization and infection. 10 Gram-negative bacteria, particularly nosocomial pathogens like Acinetobacter, showed a high and steadily rising rate of Carbapenemresistance. 11 A. baumannii resistance rates in hospitals in North America increased, going from "1.0% in 2003 to 58.0%" in 2008, according to data gathered.…”