Prevalence of antibodies to haart agents among hiv patients in benin city, nigeria

Abstract

Against the background that some human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients on the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) still experience anaemia, some possible reasons for this were investigated. Blood was collected from 50 newly diagnosed treatment naive HIV-infected patients, 100 HIV-infected patients on HAART and 30 apparently healthy HIV seronegative individuals that served as controls. Haemotocrit values, red blood cell distribution width (RDW) and the presence of antibodies to the drugs in the HAART regimen were determined. The mean ± standard deviation of haematocrit values of HAART naive HIV patients (36.90 ± 5.61%) and those on HAART (37.20 ± 6.20%) were significantly lower compared to controls (41.50 ± 5.88%) (p = 0.001), though the difference between HIV patients on HAART and those that were HAART naive was not significant (p = 0.836). Although, the RDW of HIV patients were lower than controls, the difference was only significant (p = 0.026) between controls (17.00 ± 6.01%) and HAART naive HIV patients (15.00 ± 1.87). A total of 81 (81%) out of the 100 HIV patients on HAART had antibodies to one or more of the HAART drugs. Antibodies to nevirapine (58%) was higher compared to stavudine (44.6) and zidovudine (42%) ( p = < 0.05). There was no significant improvement in haematocrit of HIV patients on HAART over HAART naive HIV patients. Use of zidovudine, nutritional deficiency and presence of antibodies to the HAART drugs may have been responsible (Afr. J. Biomed. Res. 11: 33 -37)

Prevalence of intestinal parasites in relation to CD4 counts and anaemia among HIV-infected patients in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria

“…Anaemia prevalence in this study was higher than previous reports in HIV patients (Akinbo et al, 2009a;Omoregie & Eghafona, 2009;. The cause of anaemia in HIV-positive patients is multi-factorial and includes infections, neoplasm, dietary deficiencies, blood loss, medications and antibodies to antiretroviral agents (Moyle, 2002;Omoregie et al, 2008). Also, bone marrow suppression, especially the erythroid lines, by the AIDS virus is known to result in anaemia (Odunukwe et al, 2005).…”

Prevalence of anaemia among HIV-infected patients in Benin City, Nigeria

“…Also, in Nadler et al (2003) report, not all patients on HAART had zidovudine (AZT) in their regimen as was the case in this study. This is important as AZT has been reported by several authors to cause anaemia by inhibition of haemoglobin synthesis and toxicity to bone marrow cells, particularly, erythroid lines (Moyle, 2002;Omoregie et al, 2008). HAART naïve HIV patients had a significantly higher prevalence of anaemia (69.17%) than HIV patients on HAART.…”

“…HAART which has been taken as the gold standard in the management of HIV patients was reported to improve haematocrit (Odunukwe et al, 2005). However, Omoregie et al (2008) observed that HAART did not improve haematocrit of HIV patients and Mildvan (2003) reported that HIV patients on HAART still develop mild to moderate anaemia. In this study an overall prevalence of anaemia of 60.61% was higher than that reported by Nadler et al (2003).…”

“…HAART have been reported to improve haematocrit and haemoglobin values as well as result in significantly reduction in morbidity and mortality of HIV patients (Gea -Banacloche & Lane, 1999;Odunukwe et al, 2005). The use of HAART has also been reported to cause mild to moderate anaemia (Mildvan, 2003) and some authors report no improvement in haematocrit values of HAART treated HIV patients when compared with their HAART naïve counterparts (Omoregie et al, 2008).…”

Unusual Enterocytozoon bieneusi Genotypes and Cryptosporidium hominis Subtypes in HIV-Infected Patients on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

“…The cause of anemia in HIV patients is multifactorial and includes opportunistic infections, neoplasm, dietary deficiencies, blood loss, medications, and antibodies to antiretroviral agents. 32 It would, thus, seem that E. bieneusi is not among the agents causing anemia in HIV patients. Likewise, the small number of cryptosporidiosis cases has prevented us from assessing its association with anemia.…”