Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in relation to virulence genes and phylogenetic origins among urogenital Escherichia coli isolates from dogs and cats in Japan

Harada, Kazuki; Niina, Ayaka; Nakai, Yuka; Kataoka, Yuki; Takahashi, Toshio

doi:10.2460/ajvr.73.3.409

Cited by 32 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…All these ESBL types were previously found in humans, companion animals, and livestock (1). The finding of three bla CTX-M-55/57 isolates and two bla CTX-M-65 gene isolates, ESBL types that have been reported only for dogs in Asia (10,(24)(25)(26)(27)(28), was surprising. Furthermore, to our knowledge, this is the first report of bla CTX-M-8 and bla CTX-M-32 isolated from dogs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Longitudinal Study of Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase- and AmpC-Producing Enterobacteriaceae in Household Dogs

Baede

Wagenaar

Broens

et al. 2015

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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A longitudinal study was performed to (i) investigate the continuity of shedding of extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae in dogs without clinical signs, (ii) identify dominant plasmid-mediated ESBL genes, and (iii) quantify ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in feces. Fecal samples from 38 dogs were collected monthly for 6 months. Additional samples were collected from 7 included dogs on a weekly basis for 6 weeks. Numbers of CFU per gram of feces for nonwild-type Enterobacteriaceae were determined by using MacConkey agar supplemented with 1 mg/liter cefotaxime (MCC), and those for total Enterobacteriaceae were determined by using MacConkey agar. Cefotaxime-resistant isolates were screened by PCR and sequence analysis for the presence of bla CTX-M , bla CMY , bla SHV , bla OXA , and bla TEM gene families. Bacterial species were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis. PCR-negative isolates were tested by a double-disk synergy test for enhanced AmpC expression. A total of 259 samples were screened, and 126 samples were culture positive on MCC, resulting in 352 isolates, 327 of which were Escherichia coli. Nine dogs were continuously positive during this study, and 6 dogs were continuously negative. Monthly or weekly shifts in fecal shedding were observed for 23 dogs. Genotyping showed a large variety of ESBL genes and gene combinations at single and multiple consecutive sampling moments. The ESBL genes bla CTX-M-1 , bla CTX-M-14 , bla CTX-M-15 , bla SHV-12 , and bla CMY-2 were most frequently found. The mean number of CFU of non-wild-type Enterobacteriaceae was 6.11 ؋ 10 8 CFU/g feces. This study showed an abundance of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in dogs in the Netherlands, mostly in high concentrations. Fecal shedding was shown to be highly dynamic over time, which is important to consider when studying ESBL epidemiology.A substantial share of the present global emergence of antimicrobial resistance is represented by extended-spectrumbeta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae. So far, these bacteria have been isolated from a large variety of sources, including humans, animals, and the environment. Together, these sources seem to form a complex network of reservoirs and transmission routes where ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae are circulating (1).High prevalences of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae were found in Dutch poultry, pigs, and cattle (2). High prevalences of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae were also found in Dutch companion animals, i.e., 45% in dogs without clinical signs and 55% in diarrheic dogs (3). As companion animals live in close contact with humans, they might contribute substantially to the exposure of humans to ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae. Similar ESBL gene types, i.e., CTX-M-14, CTX-M-15, SHV-12, and CMY-2, were found in strains originating from humans and companion animals (1). Additionally, transmission of CTX-M-15-carrying ST131 and ST648 Escherichia coli stra...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Longitudinal Study of Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase- and AmpC-Producing Enterobacteriaceae in Household Dogs

Baede

Wagenaar

Broens

et al. 2015

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…Similarly, a higher rate of CIP resistance than human isolates has been reported in E . coli [34] and K . pneumoniae [31] isolates from companion animals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic and molecular characterization of antimicrobial resistance in Enterobacter spp. isolates from companion animals in Japan

et al. 2017

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The emergence of antimicrobial resistance among Enterobacter spp., including resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESC), is of great concern in both human and veterinary medicine. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among 60 isolates of Enterobacter spp., including E. cloacae (n = 44), E. aerogenes (n = 10), and E. asburiae (n = 6), from clinical specimens of dogs and cats from 15 prefectures in Japan. Furthermore, we characterized the resistance mechanisms harbored by these isolates, including extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR); and assessed the genetic relatedness of ESC-resistant Enterobacter spp. strains by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing demonstrated the resistance rates to ampicillin (93.3%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (93.3%), cefmetazole (93.3%), chloramphenicol (46.7%), ciprofloxacin (43.3%), tetracycline (40.0%), ceftazidime (33.3%), cefotaxime (33.3%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (28.3%), gentamicin (23.3%), and meropenem (0%). Phenotypic testing detected ESBLs in 16 of 18 ESC-resistant E. cloacae isolates but not in the other species. The most frequent ESBL was CTX-M-15 (n = 8), followed by SHV-12 (n = 7), and CTX-M-3 (n = 1). As for AmpC β-lactamases, CMY-2 (n = 2) and DHA-1 (n = 2) were identified in ESC-resistant E. cloacae strains with or without ESBLs. All of the ESC-resistant E. cloacae strains also harbored one or two PMQRs, including qnrB (n = 15), aac(6’)-Ib-cr (n = 8), and qnrS (n = 2). Based on MLST and PFGE analysis, E. cloacae clones of ST591-SHV-12, ST171-CTX-M-15, and ST121-CTX-M-15 were detected in one or several hospitals. These results suggested intra- and inter-hospital dissemination of E. cloacae clones co-harboring ESBLs and PMQRs among companion animals. This is the first report on the large-scale monitoring of antimicrobial-resistant isolates of Enterobacter spp. from companion animals in Japan.

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“…E. coli and P. aeruginosa strains were selected from our collection of urine and ear/skin samples, respectively, obtained from domestic dogs [1,2]. S. pseudintermedius strains were isolated from swabs obtained from dogs with canine pyoderma at the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Nippon Veterinary and Life Sciences University, and at three veterinary hospitals located in Tokyo, Japan.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mutant prevention concentration of orbifloxacin: comparison between Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius of canine origin

2013

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BackgroundThe mutant prevention concentration (MPC) is an important parameter to evaluate the likelihood of growth of fluoroquinolone-resistant mutants for antimicrobial-pathogen combinations. The MPCs of fluoroquinolones for different canine pathogens have not been compared. In this study, we compared for the first time orbifloxacin MPCs between susceptible strains of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius of canine origin.MethodsMore than 1010 CFU/ml of 10 strains of each bacterial species were inoculated onto Muller-Hinton agar supplemented with different concentrations of orbifloxacin from 1× to 64× minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the MPCs were recorded. MICs of original strains and of mutants arising after exposure to sub-MPC concentrations (one per original strain) were determined in the presence or absence of efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs). The effects of quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) mutations were also examined.ResultsMPCs were significantly higher for P. aeruginosa (16–128 μg/ml) than for E. coli (0.5–32 μg/ml). MPCs for S. pseudintermedius varied between the low-susceptible (16–128 μg/ml) and the high-susceptible strains (4–16 μg/ml) and were the most broadly distributed among the three species. Regarding resistance mechanisms, only one QRDR mutation in gyrA was found in all of the 10 mutants of E. coli and in 4 of the 10 mutants of P. aeruginosa, whereas mutations in both grlA and gyrA were found in 3 mutants and one mutation in grlA was found in 2 mutants among the 10 mutants of S. pseudintermedius. In the presence of an EPI, the MICs of P. aeruginosa mutants decreased markedly, those of E. coli mutants decreased moderately, and those of S. pseudintermedius mutants were unaffected.ConclusionsMPCs of orbifloxacin vary between bacterial species of canine pathogens, possibly due to the diversity of the main fluoroquinolone resistance mechanism among these species. Therefore, the type of bacterial species should be taken into consideration when using fluoroquinolone drugs such as orbifloxacin in canines.

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Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in relation to virulence genes and phylogenetic origins among urogenital Escherichia coli isolates from dogs and cats in Japan

Cited by 32 publications

References 35 publications

Longitudinal Study of Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase- and AmpC-Producing Enterobacteriaceae in Household Dogs

Longitudinal Study of Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase- and AmpC-Producing Enterobacteriaceae in Household Dogs

Phenotypic and molecular characterization of antimicrobial resistance in Enterobacter spp. isolates from companion animals in Japan

Mutant prevention concentration of orbifloxacin: comparison between Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius of canine origin

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