Prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms in narcolepsy: a systematic review

Kim, Jiyoung; Lee, Gha-Hyun; Sung, Sang Min; Jung, Dae Soo; Pak, Kyoungjune

doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2019.07.022

Cited by 32 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Given the overlap in symptoms and treatment, a diagnosis of narcolepsy could be easily overseen. ADHD 33 , 42 , 94 , 97–99 ADHD is a frequent comorbidity in narcolepsy, both in children as in adults. Pediatric narcolepsy is characterized by hyperactivity, irritability, emotional dysregulation, aggression, distractibility, impulsiveness, and restlessness.…”

Section: Psychiatric Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recognizing the Symptom Spectrum of Narcolepsy to Improve Timely Diagnosis: A Narrative Review

Quaedackers¹,

Pillen²,

Overeem³

2021

NSS

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Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder with a strong negative impact on quality of life, especially when untreated. Diagnostic delay is a persistent problem, with obvious detrimental effects on patients. A diagnosis of narcolepsy may be delayed because of its broad symptom presentation which is much more encompassing than the classical "tetrad" of sleepiness, cataplexy, hallucinations, and sleep paralysis. Furthermore, symptoms can vary over time. Presentation of symptoms can also be markedly different between children and adults. Finally, common sleep-related comorbidities increase the risk of narcolepsy being masked by overlapping symptoms or treatment. In this review, we provide a detailed description of the broad and dynamic symptom spectrum of narcolepsy, with specific attention to the different manifestations in both adults and children. The overarching goal is to help not only sleep specialists, but general practitioners, pediatricians, and other caregivers with early recognition and prompt diagnosis of this severe but treatable disorder.

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Section: Psychiatric Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recognizing the Symptom Spectrum of Narcolepsy to Improve Timely Diagnosis: A Narrative Review

Quaedackers¹,

Pillen²,

Overeem³

2021

NSS

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“…Women with ADHD reported higher prevalence of insomnia than women without ADHD (43.9 v. 12.2%) (Fuller-Thomson 2016). Recent studies indicate that over 30% of individuals with narcolepsy, which is characterised by excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy, have comorbid ADHD (Kim 2020). A history of snoring or possible obstructive sleep apnoea during childhood is associated with a twofold difference in the odds of ADHD diagnosis or symptoms (Constantin 2014).…”

Section: Diagnosis Of Sleep Disorders In People With Adhdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Before assessing for a sleep disorder, the clinician should consider predisposing, precipitating and perpetuating factors that cause sleep disturbance. An example is gastrointestinal disorders, which are commonly associated with sleep problems in individuals with ASD (Klukowski 2015). Additionally, behaviours that challenge may need considering as a cause of the sleep disorder and can be measured using an appropriate screening tool.…”

Section: Assessment and Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep disorders in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder: a pragmatic approach to assessment and management

Shanahan

Isaac

Blackwell³

2020

BJPsych advances

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SUMMARY Sleep is essential for survival and humans spend approximately one-third of their life asleep. Adequate sleep is needed to maintain both physical and psychological health. Routinely getting less than the recommended amount of sleep for your age can have profound negative effects on health, such as increasing the likeliness of psychiatric illness, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and stroke. In children and adults with neurodevelopmental disorders, the prevalence of sleep disorders is significantly higher than in the general population. Given the relationship between sleep and psychiatric disorders, it is essential that psychiatrists have knowledge of the principles of sleep medicine. In this article, we focus on the common sleep disorders found in those with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and give an overview of screening, diagnosis and management.

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“…Narcolepsy affects the life of patients in a broad sense, with a deleterious impact on education, recreation, driving, sexual functioning and personality, which in turn harms psychosocial wellbeing (Raggi et al, 2019). The prevalence of affective disorders in adults with narcolepsy may be as high as 35% (Fortuyn et al, 2010;Ohayon, 2013) and ADHD symptoms are often reported by both pediatric and adult patients (Kim et al, 2020;Plazzi et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissociative Symptoms are Highly Prevalent in Adults with Narcolepsy Type 1

Quaedackers

Fortuyn

Gilst

et al. 2021

Behavioral Sleep Medicine

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Introduction:The core symptoms of narcolepsy such as excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy are well known. However, there is mounting evidence for a much broader symptom spectrum, including psychiatric symptoms. Disordered sleep has previously been linked with dissociative symptoms, which may imply that patients with narcolepsy are more prone to develop such symptoms. Objectives: To investigate the frequency of dissociative symptoms in adult patients with narcolepsy type 1 compared to population controls. Methods: In a retrospective case control study, sixty adult patients fulfilling the criteria for narcolepsy type 1 and 120 matched population control subjects received a structured interview using the Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (SCAN) to assess dissociative symptoms and disorders. Results: A majority of narcolepsy patients reported dissociative symptoms, and even fulfilled the DSM-IV-TR criteria of a dissociative disorder (62% vs 1% in controls, p < .001). Most frequently reported symptoms were "dissociative amnesia" (37% vs 1%, p < .001) and "dissociative disorder of voluntary movement" (32% vs 1%, p < .001). Conclusion:Dissociative symptoms are strikingly prevalent in adult patients with narcolepsy type 1. Although a formal diagnosis of dissociation disorder should not be made as the symptoms can be explained by narcolepsy as an underlying condition, the findings do illustrate the extent and severity of the dissociative symptoms. As for the pathophysiological mechanism, there may be symptom overlap between narcolepsy and dissociation disorder. However, there may also be a more direct link between disrupted sleep and dissociative symptoms. In either case, the high frequency of occurrence of dissociative symptoms should result in an active inquiry by doctors, to improve therapeutic management and guidance.

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Prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms in narcolepsy: a systematic review

Cited by 32 publications

References 39 publications

Recognizing the Symptom Spectrum of Narcolepsy to Improve Timely Diagnosis: A Narrative Review

Recognizing the Symptom Spectrum of Narcolepsy to Improve Timely Diagnosis: A Narrative Review

Sleep disorders in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder: a pragmatic approach to assessment and management

Dissociative Symptoms are Highly Prevalent in Adults with Narcolepsy Type 1

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