Prevalence of Congenital Heart Disease in Neonate in a Tertiary Level Hospital

Abstract

Background: Congenital heart disease (CHD) has already been recognized as one of the important cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity. The reported prevalence of CHD in live newborns tends to vary a lot due to various unrecognizable lesions at birth and lack of technical expertise. Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out in the department of Neonatology at Mymensingh Medical College Hospital (MMCH), Bangladesh from January to December 2010 to find prevalence of CHD in neonates. Results: Out of 6560 admitted neonates, 51 were found to have CHD. The prevalence was 7.8/1000 live births. Mean age was 10.2±9.8 days and weight was 2380.5±590.5gms. Respiratory distress was the commonest symptom (71%) followed by cyanosis (26%) and reluctant to feed (24%). Among the CHD Ventricular septal defect (VSD) was the commonest 15/51 and then Atrial septal defect (ASD) 12/51, Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) 5/51, Transposition of great arteries ( TGA) 4/51, Complex heart disease 4/51 and Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) 3/51 cases. Some associated non-cardiac anomalies like Down’s syndrome, polydactyly, syndactyly, cleft lip, cleft palate and cataract were found. Risk factors associated with CHD were diabetes mellitus (10%), hypertension (8%) and maternal infection (4%). Among the drugs, anti-pyretic by 20%, anti-emetic by 18%, anti-epileptic by 4%, vitamin-A and hormone each by 2% of mothers respectively. Conclusion: VSD and ASD were the commonest CHD in this study. Thorough clinical examination and proper investigations immediately after admission is essential, which may help us for proper counseling and early intervention. Nepal Journal of Medical Sciences | Volume 02 | Number 02 | July-December 2013 | Page 91-95 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njms.v2i2.8942

Comorbidities with Congenital Heart Disease among Hospitalized Children in a Specialized Cardiac Hospital in Bangladesh

“…Islam MN et al showed the associated non-cardiac anomalies. 15 Down's syndrome was noticed in 6% cases, polydactyly and syndactyly were detected in 4% newborn. Cleft lip with palate, cataract and renal anomaly were also found in 2% cases respectively.…”

“…15 Among simple CHD, VSD was the commonest followed by ASD then PDA & TOF. Among Complex CHD, TGA with shunt were common.…”

Frequency and Pattern of Congenital Heart Diseases in Newborn in a Tertiary Care Hospital

“…Asian race is found to be more affected than non-Asian race due to high rate of consanguineous marriages. 6 But in Bangladesh, only a few study was to evaluate. A cross sectional study found that the prevalence rate of CHD in neonates is about 7.8/1000 live births.…”

“…A cross sectional study found that the prevalence rate of CHD in neonates is about 7.8/1000 live births. 6,7 Maximum neonates remain asymptomatic during neonatal period. This study found that approximately 50-70% of neonates having clinical murmur remain asymptomatic.…”

Pulse Oximetry Screening in newborn for early detection of Critical Congenital Heart Disease - A review

“…Two hospital based study findings are suggestive of variable prevalence of congenital heart disease (7.8 and 25/1000 live births respectively) among Bangladeshi population which mandated to carry out heart defects related documentation. 6,7 Contemporary routine screening for congenital heart disease depends on a mid-trimester anomaly scan, involving imaging of the heart chambers, and a postnatal cardiovascular system examination. 8 The sensitivity of CHD detection by anomaly scan is highly variable, depending on operator expertise, gestational age, fetal position, and the type of cardiac defect.…”