Prevalence of Eimeria species in cattle in Kenya

Munyua, W.K.; Ngotho, J.W.

doi:10.1016/0304-4017(90)90126-v

Cited by 24 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…On the other hand, only 16 calves in total did not receive colostrum; however, all of them were infected. The overall prevalence of Eimeria infection in the present study was compatible with the 68.1% finding of coccidiosis in dairy calves in central Ethiopia [6], 67.4% in Kenya [11] and 70% in South Africa [12]. These studies show the widespread occurrence of the agent in the calves' environment.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Eimeria infection in calves under local farming system in and around Asella, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia

Hiko¹,

Rorisa²

2016

AJFAND

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Bovine coccidiosis is one of the most common livestock diseases worldwide, and usually affects cattle under one-year-old. High infection rates occur from environments that were already contaminated with infected animals. A study on the prevalence, species and risk of occurrence of Eimeria species in calves was conducted at Asella, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. Management systems, breed, age, sex, and site were considered as variables for the surveillance. For this, fecal samples were collected from 384 randomly selected calves of age less than or equal to 12 months. Sporulation was applied at room temperature for 10-14 days. The flotation technique was applied on fecal samples and these were examined using direct microscopic examination to detect presence of Eimeria species. Eimeria oocysts weredetected in 72.4% of the total samples with ranges of 68-100% prevalence in all factors considered. Ten different Eimeria species were identified: E. bovis (44.5%), E. zuernii (26.3%), E. auburnensis (10.9), E. canadensis (9.4%), E. ellipsoidalis (5.7%), E. subspherica (6.5%), E. cylindrical (3.1%), E. alabamensis (2.6%), E. wyomingensis (2.6%) and E. bukidnonensis (2.1%) in decreasing order of prevalence. Of the 278 positive calves, 52.2% were infected with single species, while 47.8% were infected with 2-4 of identified species. Significantly lower prevalence in calves fed colostrums (71.2%) than those not fed colostrum (100%) (χ2 = 6.3; p <0.05) were observed in early birth. However, no statistical association in infection was observed within all other risk factors considered (p >0.05). Infection with one or more species was found to be insignificant in sex, feeding system, and cleaning frequency (p >0.05). The present finding showed the role of early colostrum feeding in a remarkable reduction of coccidiosis. However, the majority of assessed factors had a great contribution for the contamination and maintenance of Eimeria on the farm and its primes at 68.4%-100%, with high risk of infection to subsequent calves. Moreover, the occurrence of infection, with single (52.2%) to multiple of four (1.4%) pathogenic Eimeria spp. in positive cases, indicated the downside of substandard management systems, making calves prone to subclinical cases thus hampering growth and health, with considerable economic losses. Therefore, early feeding with sufficient amount of colostrum, practicing good management in calves and implementation of proper hygienic measures in their environments should be recommended to reduce direct and indirect economic losses from the infection.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Eimeria infection in calves under local farming system in and around Asella, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia

Hiko¹,

Rorisa²

2016

AJFAND

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“…In this study, species of the animals were found to be harbouring pathogenic species of coccidia and yet no clinical symptoms were being exhibited. This indicates that other factors, the number of oocysts ingested, the presence of a concurrent microbial infection (Hoblet et al 1992), weather conditions including ambient temperatures and moisture (Munyua and Ngotho 1990), the production system and management practices used by the farmer and general conditions of animal husbandry (Niilo 1970), the functional level of protective immunity and enzootic stability (Parker and Jones 1987), may be decisive in whether clinical disease is precipitated or not. Most of animals examined during the present study had low OPG, suggesting that the infections were usually sub-clinical.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of subclinical coccidiosis in river buffalo calves of southwest of Iran

Bahrami

Alborzi

2013

Acta Parasitologica

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Despite the importance of buffalo farming in Iran, little is known in this country about the abundance and distribution of Eimeria spp. in the animal species. The present study was designed to investigate the prevalence and species characterization of Eimeria oocysts in river buffalo calves of Khuzestan province, southwest of Iran. Of the total 108 fecal samples examined for Eimeria, 108 (100%) were found infected with 11 species of the parasite. Among the identified species of Eimeria, E. bovis was found to be the predominant etiological agent (76.85%), followed in order by E. canadensis (62.96%), E. zuernii (47.2%), E. ellipsoidalis (26.85%), E. subspherica (25.92%), E. brasiliensis (19.4%), E. auburnensis (18.51%), E. alabamensis (14.81%), E. pellita (11.1%), E. illinoisensis (5.5%) and E. bukidnonensis (2.7%). In most calves multiple infections with three species were present. While, 20.7% of calves showed heavy infection, 50.4 and 24.8% of calves showed weak and moderate infection, respectively. There was no significant difference in the OPG values between the calves of different localities. There was also no significant difference between the prevalence rate of infection in males and females. A total of 16.6% of all faecal samples were found to be diarrheic. A highly significant relationship could be identified between the occurrence of diarrhea and the level of E. bovis and E. zuernii oocysts excretion. Considering the pervasive occurrence and negative effects of the infection on the health condition and the growth performance of buffalo calves, infections should receive increased attention by both farmers and veterinarians.

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“…was similar to that reported in studies by Kasim and Al-Shawa (1985), Chibunda et al (1997) and Gül, Çiçek and Kilinç (2008) Among the species identified in this study, E. bovis, E. zuernii, E. canadensis and E. ellipsoidalis were also the most prevalent in other Brazilian studies GRISI, 1984GRISI, , 1985CARNEIRO et al, 1988;REBOUÇAS et al, 1988;CERQUEIRA;LIMA;FACURY FILHO, 1989;REBOUÇAS et al, 1994). Except for E. canadensis, these species are commonly identified in other countries (KASIM; AL-SHAWA, 1985;MUNYUA;NGOTHO, 1990;CHIBUNDA et al, 1997;MATJILA;PENZHORN, 2002;SÁNCHEZ;ROMERO;FOUNROGE, 2008), evidencing their wide geographical distribution. In fact, E. bovis is often the most prevalent species found in infected animals in various parts of the world GRISI, 1984GRISI, , 1985 SPÓSITO FILHA, 1994;CHIBUNDA et al, 1997;MATJILA;PENZHORN, 2002;SAMSON-HIMMELSTJERNA et al, 2006;SÁNCHEZ;ROMERO;FOUNROGE, 2008), which corroborates our study findings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency of species of the Genus Eimeria in naturally infected cattle in Southern Bahia, Northeast Brazil

Almeida

Magalhães

Neta

et al. 2011

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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The aim of this study was to determine the presence of species of the genus Eimeria species in naturally infected bovines in Southern Bahia, Northeast Brazil. The study population comprised 117 Zebu crossbred cattle that belonged to 10 dairy herds with extensive or semi-extensive production systems. The modified Gordon and Whitlock technique was used to determine positive samples and number of oocysts per gram of feces. Statistical analyses were performed using the chi-square test with Yates correction and a 95% confidence interval. Thirty-nine cattle (33.33%) were positive, and ten different species were identified in infected animals: E. bovis (24.79%); E. canadensis (8.55%); E. zuernii (6.83%); E. ellipsoidalis (5.99%); E. cylindrica (3.42%); E. auburnensis (3.42%); E. brasiliensis (2.56%); E. bukidnonensis (1.71%); E. alabamensis (0.85%), and E. subspherica (0.85%). Higher parasitism was observed in animals up to one year of age (p = 0.005), but no animal presented clinical signs of the disease. As the presence of clinical eimeriosis was not evidenced and all animals were Zebu crossbred cattle from extensive or semi-extensive production systems, further studies should be conducted to investigate the effects of these factors on disease development.Keywords: Coccidian, dairy cattle, age group, frequency. ResumoO objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a presença de espécies do gênero Eimeria em bovinos naturalmente infectados, na região Sudeste da Bahia, Nordeste do Brasil. A população do estudo incluiu 117 bovinos mestiços de raças Zebuínas que pertenciam a 10 fazendas leiteiras com sistemas de produção extensivo ou semiextensivo. A técnica de Gordon e Whitlock modificada foi utilizada para determinar as amostras positivas e o número de oocistos por grama de fezes. A análise estatística foi realizada utilizando o teste do qui-quadrado com correção de Yates e intervalo de confiança de 95%. Trinta e nove animais (33,33%) foram positivos, e dez diferentes espécies foram identificadas nos animais infectados: E. bovis (24,79%), E. canadensis (8,55%), E. zuernii (6,83%), E. ellipsoidalis (5,99% ), E. cylindrica (3,42%), E. auburnensis (3,42%), E. brasiliensis (2,56%), E. bukidnonensis (1,71%), E. alabamensis (0,85%) e E. subspherica (0,85%). Maior parasitismo foi observado em animais com até um ano de idade (p = 0,005), mas nenhum animal apresentou sinais clínicos que fossem compatíveis com a parasitose. Como não foi observado presença de eimeriose clínica e como todos os animais eram mestiços zebuínos e pertencentes ao sistema de criação extensivo ou semiextensivo, novos estudos devem ser conduzidos para comprovar a influência desses fatores no surgimento da doença.Palavras-chave: Coccídio, gado leiteiro, faixa etária, frequência.

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Prevalence of Eimeria species in cattle in Kenya

Cited by 24 publications

References 10 publications

Eimeria infection in calves under local farming system in and around Asella, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia

Eimeria infection in calves under local farming system in and around Asella, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia

Prevalence of subclinical coccidiosis in river buffalo calves of southwest of Iran

Frequency of species of the Genus Eimeria in naturally infected cattle in Southern Bahia, Northeast Brazil

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