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Use of the MTT for diagnosis of palpable breast masses in young women (

<span>The influence of feeding urea-molasses blocks (UMB) on growth and gastrointestinal (GI) nematode parasitism of weaner goats grazing the same pasture was investigated on a farm in Nyandarua District, Kenya. Thirty female Small East African goat kids at an average age of 5 months were initially treated with albendazole orally (5 mg kg^-1 body mass) and randomly assigned into one of two groups: group I were fed UMB prepared using a cold process and group II kids (controls) received no block supplementation (NBS). The UMB were given in the evening when the animals returned from grazing and were consumed during the night at a rate of 95.0 g head^-1 day^-1. Supplementation was undertaken for 3 consecutive months from July to September 2001 and January to March 2002. Body mass of the kids and faecal egg counts were measured monthly and larval cultures were performed on positive faecal samples of kids of each group. Five goats from each group were randomly selected for slaughter and total counts and identification of worms at the end of June 2002. Significant differences (P &lt; 0.05) were found in cumulative mass gains of kids in group I from September compared with those in group II. On termination of the study kids in group I had gained an average of (<span style="text-decoration: underline;">+</span> SD) 20.4 &plusmn; 1.4 kg while those in group II had gained 11.8 <span style="text-decoration: underline;">+</span> 1.1 kg. From January 2002, faecal egg counts of the kids in the UMB group differed significantly (P &lt; 0.05) from those of the NBS group and at slaughter, the mean (<span style="text-decoration: underline;">+</span> SD) worm counts for the UMB group was 482 <span style="text-decoration: underline;">+</span> 299 while that of the NBS group was 1 302 <span style="text-decoration: underline;">+</span> 410. In all the goats, <em>Haemonchus contortus</em> was the predominant nematode recovered. These results indicate that UMB had significant effects in the control of GI nematode parasitism and enhanced growth of the young goats.</span>

The anthelmintic efficacy of benzimidazoles (albendazole, fenbendazole and oxfendazole), levamisole, oral ivermectin and closantel was evaluated on a farm in Kenya using faecal egg count reduction test, larval cultures and a controlled slaughter trial. The results of this study indicated simultaneous resistance of Haemonchus contortus against benzimidazoles, levamisole and ivermectin, and of Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Oesophagostomum spp. against levamisole on the same farm. Ivermectin resistance developed to 47% within 15 months of first use. Closantel was effective against the benzimidazoles, levamisole and ivermectin resistant H. contortus.