Prevalence of genes encoding extracellular proteases in<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>— important targets triggering immune response<i>in vivo</i>

Zdzalik, Michal; Karim, Abdulkarim Yasin; Wolski, Krzysztof; Buda, Pawel; Wójcik, Kinga; Brueggemann, Sarah; Wojciechowski, Piotr; Eick, Sigrun; Calander, Ann-Marie; Jonsson, Ing-Marie; Kubica, Małgorzata; Polakowska, Klaudia; Międzobrodzki, Jacek; Władyka, Benedykt; Potempa, Jan; Dubin, Grzegorz

doi:10.1111/j.1574-695x.2012.01005.x

Cited by 36 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…aureus to evade host degradation 33 . The proteases are also considered of importance to virulence 34 , and splB was significantly more often detected in African isolates (while splE was predominant in German isolates). Among adhesion factors, significant differences were found for map , the gene conferring extracellular adherence protein (Eap) expression 35 and for the surface protein gene sasG .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community-Associated Staphylococcus aureus from Sub-Saharan Africa and Germany: A Cross-Sectional Geographic Correlation Study

Ruffing

Alabi

Kazimoto

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Clonal clusters and gene repertoires of Staphylococcus aureus are essential to understand disease and are well characterized in industrialized countries but poorly analysed in developing regions. The objective of this study was to compare the molecular-epidemiologic profiles of S. aureus isolates from Sub-Saharan Africa and Germany. S. aureus isolates from 600 staphylococcal carriers and 600 patients with community-associated staphylococcal disease were characterized by DNA hybridization, clonal complex (CC) attribution, and principal component (PCA)-based gene repertoire analysis. 73% of all CCs identified representing 77% of the isolates contained in these CCs were predominant in either African or German region. Significant differences between African versus German isolates were found for alleles encoding the accessory gene regulator type, enterotoxins, the Panton-Valentine leukocidin, immune evasion gene cluster, and adhesins. PCA in conjunction with silhouette analysis distinguished nine separable PCA clusters, with five clusters primarily comprising of African and two clusters of German isolates. Significant differences between S. aureus lineages in Africa and Germany may be a clue to explain the apparent difference in disease between tropical/(so-called) developing and temperate/industrialized regions. In low-resource countries further clinical-epidemiologic research is warranted not only for neglected tropical diseases but also for major bacterial infections.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community-Associated Staphylococcus aureus from Sub-Saharan Africa and Germany: A Cross-Sectional Geographic Correlation Study

Ruffing

Alabi

Kazimoto

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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“…Treatment of infected individuals is difficult due to frequent recurrences, as staphylococci can be found commonly in the natural environment and also on the skin of people tending the animals and in animals from the same herd (Malinowski andGajewski 2010, Peton andLe Loir 2013). The infection occurs after the mammary gland tissues are invaded by bacteria, triggering the action of various factors, especially proteases, enterotoxins and pyrogenic superantigens, such as the toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1), (Bukowski et al 2010, Zdzalik et al 2012. A set of identified virulence factors, and additionally slime production, in staphylococcal mastitis are reported (Pejsak andTarasiuk 1989, Krukowski et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clustering of Staphylococcus aureus bovine mastitis strains from regions of Central-Eastern Poland based on their biochemical and genetic characteristics

Puacz¹,

Ilczyszyn²,

Kosecka³

et al. 2015

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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Staphylococcus aureus strains were isolated from mastitic milk of cows with infected mammary glands. The animals were living in 12 different farms near Lublin, in Central-Eastern Poland. A biochemical identification method based on enzymatic assay was performed, followed by haemolytic and proteolytic tests. PCR-RFLP targeted on the gap gene allowed the genetic identification of strains at the species level and verified phenotypic identification results. A molecular typing method using triplex PCR was performed to recognize the genetic similarity of the analyzed strains. DNA microarray hybridization (StaphyType, Alere Technologies) was used for detection of antibiotic resistance and virulence associated markers. The results obtained indicate high genetic similarity in strains isolated from the same sites. High genetic similarities were also detected between strains isolated from cows from different farms of the same region. A slightly lower similarity was noted however, in strains from various regions indicating that the strains are herd specific and that the cow's infections caused by S. aureus were of a clonal character. In 21 representative isolates selected for DNA-microarray testing, only fosfomycin (fosB) and penicillin resistance markers (blaZ, blaI, blaR) were detected. The presence of genes coding for haemolysins

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“…ecreted enzymes such as proteases can act as immune system and physiology modulators and virulence factors during infection by a wide variety of pathogens (1)(2)(3)(4)(5). Serratia marcescens is a Gram-negative coccobacillus bacterium isolated from a variety of environmental niches and the human gut.…”

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confidence: 99%

EepR Mediates Secreted-Protein Production, Desiccation Survival, and Proliferation in a Corneal Infection Model

et al. 2015

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Serratia marcescens is a soil-and water-derived bacterium that secretes several host-directed factors and causes hospital infections and community-acquired ocular infections. The putative two-component regulatory system composed of EepR and EepS regulates hemolysis and swarming motility through transcriptional control of the swrW gene and pigment production through control of the pigA-pigN operon. Here, we identify and characterize a role for EepR in regulation of exoenzyme production, stress survival, cytotoxicity to human epithelial cells, and virulence. Genetic analysis supports the model that EepR is in a common pathway with the widely conserved cyclic-AMP receptor protein that regulates protease production. Together, these data introduce a novel regulator of host-pathogen interactions and secreted-protein production. Secreted enzymes such as proteases can act as immune system and physiology modulators and virulence factors during infection by a wide variety of pathogens (1-5). Serratia marcescens is a Gram-negative coccobacillus bacterium isolated from a variety of environmental niches and the human gut. It is an important opportunistic pathogen in hospitals (6-9), and isolates collected in intensive care units became more resistant to antibiotics between 2004 and 2009 (10). S. marcescens is also a leading contaminant of contact lens cases and contact lenses and can cause vision-threatening microbial keratitis and other ocular infections (11-13). S. marcescens synthesizes several secreted enzymes, including proteases, a potent nuclease, chitinases, and other enzymes that have been used for biotechnological applications or have been implicated in cytotoxicity to mammalian cells and pathogenesis (14-16). However, the regulation of these enzymes is poorly understood.Known regulators of S. marcescens proteolysis include the crp gene that encodes the cyclic-AMP (cAMP) receptor protein CRP. Mutation of crp yields bacteria with elevated production of the protease serralysin (PrtS; also known as PrtA) and a loss of secreted-chitinase and -lipase activities (17). Matsuyama and colleagues observed reduced expression of extracellular protease activity when the hexS gene, an lhrA homolog, was expressed from a multicopy plasmid, suggesting a negative regulatory role for this protein (63).Extracellular proteases, such as the S. marcescens PrtS metalloprotease, are considered important virulence factors. In vitro studies indicate that serralysin is cytotoxic to a variety of cell types (16,21,22). PrtS contributed to tissue damage in corneal infections using a rabbit model (23), altered immune cell interactions using a silkworm model (20,24), and enhanced secondary infections by a respiratory virus in mice (25). Those studies provided the impetus to determine regulators of S. marcescens protease production.A putative regulatory system that includes the response regulator-like protein EepR and a putative hybrid-histidine kinase, EepS, was recently identified for its role in controlling expression of swarming motility, pigme...

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Prevalence of genes encoding extracellular proteases inStaphylococcus aureus— important targets triggering immune responsein vivo

Cited by 36 publications

References 39 publications

Community-Associated Staphylococcus aureus from Sub-Saharan Africa and Germany: A Cross-Sectional Geographic Correlation Study

Community-Associated Staphylococcus aureus from Sub-Saharan Africa and Germany: A Cross-Sectional Geographic Correlation Study

Clustering of Staphylococcus aureus bovine mastitis strains from regions of Central-Eastern Poland based on their biochemical and genetic characteristics

EepR Mediates Secreted-Protein Production, Desiccation Survival, and Proliferation in a Corneal Infection Model

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