Prevalence of malocclusion and occlusal traits of Malay adults (18-23 years) in Shah Alam, Malaysia

Abstract

Background: The incidence of malocclusion varies among countries, ethnicities, races, and ages. The recognition of malocclusion incidence is an important role in planning public health services. Aims: To assess the occlusal features of Malaysian Malay adults aged 18-23 years. However, few epidemiological studies have been conducted in Malaysia and a little information is available on Malay malocclusion. Methods: A total sample of 191 subjects (73 males and 118 females) was examined to register the occlusal status by using Angle classification as normal occlusion, Class I, Class II/1, Class II/2 and Class III malocclusion. Other variables were recorded such as overbite, over-jet, crowding, spacing, midline diastema, crossbite, scissors bite, midline shifts, canine displacement, missing teeth, supernumerary teeth, traumatically fractured teeth, traumatic gingival contact, tongue thrust and lip coverage. Statistical analysis: Descriptive statistics were used for all measurements and the chi-square test was used for gender differences. Results: Class III was the most predominant with gender significant (P < 0.05). Class II/2 was the lowest incidence (1%). Overall, the anterior crowding was high (75.9%). There was a significant association between crossbite, scissors bite and genders (P < 0.05). The anterior crossbite was more commonly associated with Class III and the antero-posterior unilateral crossbite was found only in subjects with Class III. Conclusion: The incidence of Class III was higher in Malay; therefore, the orthodontic management of Class III would be more common in the clinic so that it is necessary to start a plan to promote the preventive and interceptive orthodontic treatment in Malay population.

Investigation of the Prevalence of Skeletal Patterns in the Malay Population Using Anb Angle and Principal Component Analysis of Cephalometric Variables

“…Hence, the hypothesis that no significant association existed between the prevalence of skeletal patterns and gender was rejected. It was in agreement with the literature that the Malay male subjects were more likely to have Class III malocclusion than their female counterpart (8). Sexual dimorphism and growth in the mandible between males and females could be accounted for the difference observed (23,24).…”

“…In this study, the prevalence of Class I skeletal pattern was 41.3%, Class II: 46.1%, and Class III: 12.6%. Based on the literature reviews, the prevalence of Class I malocclusion in the Malay population was reported to be in the range of 33.3% to 39.3%, Class II: 12% to 30%, and Class III: 12.2% to 48.7% (6)(7)(8). The large variation between different studies was due to different sampling methods.…”

“…Apart from that, a previous study on the Malaysian Malay population reported that a significant difference in the occlusal status was found between the gender, but it was also based on Angle's Classification (8). However, no previous studies investigated the association between the prevalence of skeletal patterns with age group.…”

“…Although few epidemiological studies were done in Malaysia, those studies determined the prevalence of malocclusion instead of skeletal patterns in all three ethnicities (6,7). In the Malay population (8), all the studies used Angle's molar relationship classification to classify malocclusion, which is a different method and results in the only type of malocclusion being reported from this study. Only one previous study in Malaysia determined the cephalometric norm and prevalence of skeletal patterns using cephalometry in Malaysia's Malay and Chinese populations (9).…”

A comparative evaluation of nickel-titanium wires and clear aligners in the management of mandibular incisor crowding

“…[ 20 ] Class III malocclusion was found to be most common in adult males (67.1%) and adult females (37.3%) in the Malaysian population. [ 21 ] It has been reported that the prevalence of clinically significant malocclusion among adults in the United States is greater than 60%. [ 22 ] Hence, there is a need for correction of malocclusion.…”