Background: The incidence of malocclusion varies among countries, ethnicities, races, and ages. The recognition of malocclusion incidence is an important role in planning public health services. Aims: To assess the occlusal features of Malaysian Malay adults aged 18-23 years. However, few epidemiological studies have been conducted in Malaysia and a little information is available on Malay malocclusion. Methods: A total sample of 191 subjects (73 males and 118 females) was examined to register the occlusal status by using Angle classification as normal occlusion, Class I, Class II/1, Class II/2 and Class III malocclusion. Other variables were recorded such as overbite, over-jet, crowding, spacing, midline diastema, crossbite, scissors bite, midline shifts, canine displacement, missing teeth, supernumerary teeth, traumatically fractured teeth, traumatic gingival contact, tongue thrust and lip coverage. Statistical analysis: Descriptive statistics were used for all measurements and the chi-square test was used for gender differences. Results: Class III was the most predominant with gender significant (P < 0.05). Class II/2 was the lowest incidence (1%). Overall, the anterior crowding was high (75.9%). There was a significant association between crossbite, scissors bite and genders (P < 0.05). The anterior crossbite was more commonly associated with Class III and the antero-posterior unilateral crossbite was found only in subjects with Class III. Conclusion: The incidence of Class III was higher in Malay; therefore, the orthodontic management of Class III would be more common in the clinic so that it is necessary to start a plan to promote the preventive and interceptive orthodontic treatment in Malay population.

To assess the prevalence and sex disparities for caries in the first permanent molars (FPMs) in Benghazi city, Libya. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted of 375 children (206 girls and 169 boys) of age 6-12 at pediatric clinic of Faculty of Dentistry. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16, Chi square tests. Results: Caries prevalence in FPMs amongst all of the age groups 6-12 year-old was 675 teeth (45%). Contrary to national and international trends, there was no significant difference in caries prevalence of FPMs between boys and girls, in the upper right and left quadrant (P> 0.05). However, in the lower right quadrant significant differences (P<0.05) were found between the two genders in their FPMs carious status. Conclusions: A high rate of caries in FPMs 6-12 years old Libyan children. The high level of caries prevalence is a cause for concern. In all the quadrants, a higher experience of caries was observed amongst girls than boys except for the lower left quadrant caries was higher in boys. It is recommended that it necessary to start efficient plans to promote the dental health of the children, and the plans should be comprised of the education and the motivation for the parents, children, dental health services, and the preventive measures.

Background: Although the oral health status is improved over the past years, the dental caries is still the most common chronic disease in childhood. Oral health affects many aspects of life such as ability to speak, mastication and well being. Aims: to determine the prevalence of caries of the first permanent molars (FPMs) and to compare the caries incidence between maxillary and mandibular arch, and to determine the most affect segment by the decay in the dental arch. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted of 375 children aged 6 to 12 years in Benghazi city of Libya. The clinical examination for dental caries was based on the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. It has been calculated the frequency of caries free (CF) and the DMFT index in terms of decayed teeth (DT), filled teeth (FT) and missing teeth (MT). Data were analyses using SPSS version 16, Chi-square test and the Kruskal-Wallis tests were used. Results: A significant difference was found between sound and carious FPMs in all dental arch segments (P =0.001). The DMFT index of the sample was (1.80±.081) whereas; the highest rate was in left side of the mandible (0.51±.026). The DT component was the highest rate (92.6%) of the DMFT index. Conclusion:The DMFT in the mandible was higher than the maxilla. The caries prevalence of FPMs was similar in both sides of the dental arches, thus the intensive preventive and health service activities should be promote in Libya to decrease caries risk in school children.

Background: The buccally displaced canines (BDC) are more commonly encountered conditions in orthodontic clinics. It is a positional variation result of several factors such as retained deciduous canines, crowding, and lateral incisors anomalous. Aims: To determine the prevalence and gender differences of one-two-three-four buccally displaced canines in the area of Shah-Alam, Malaysia. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 399 subjects; was consist of two age groups; 208 subjects of school children aged 12 years and 191 subjects of adults aged 18-23 years were examined clinically to determine the prevalence of BDC. Statistical analysis: The data were statistically analyzed using SPSS version 16; a Chi-square test was performed to assess the gender differences. Results: No gender differences were found in the school-children group while in the adults group a significant gender difference was found regarding one and four canine displacements (P < 0.05). The prevalence of one-two-three canine displacement was higher significantly between the two groups (P < 0.05). However, the frequency of one canine displacement was higher significantly in adult females and girls (P < 0.05). The frequency of three canines displacement was approximately equal in both genders. Conclusion: The frequency of one canine displacement was higher significantly in females. However, the frequency of four canines displacement was higher significantly in males. These features may help in providing additional clinical signs in diagnosis and interception of such clinical situation. It will be effective in treatment plan procedure if canine displacement is detected early, help clinicians on the prevention of impaction possibility.

Dental anomalies may occur due to the complex interactions among genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors during dental development. The current study aimed to determine the prevalence and gender significance of developmental dental anomalies (DDA) in dental patients. This was a cross-sectional study of 260 subjects (123 males and 137 females) with an age range of 6–35 years old. Clinical and radiographic examinations were performed to determine the prevalence of anomalies in tooth number, shape, size, position, and structure. Descriptive statistics was performed, the chi-square test was used for analysis and p-value was set at 0.05. The findings showed that 203 subjects (78.1%) had DDA, which included 86 males (33.1%) and 117 females (45%). A significant gender difference was found regarding the prevalence of two anomalies (p < 0.05). The most prevalent anomaly was displacement 51.2%, followed by dilaceration 24.2%. A significant gender difference (p < 0.05) was found regarding hypodontia 16.5% and impaction 14.6%, with more predominant in females. Some anomalies were not observed such as microdontia, dentin dysplasia, ectopic eruption, gemination, and taurodontism. The study concluded that displacement and dilacerations were the common abnormalities. These findings may lead to various dental complications. Therefore, early diagnosis and follow-up observation are required to reduce the potential dental problems. In addition, it is helpful to increase the knowledge of practitioners with regards to DDA and its occurrence. Furthermore, it is good to highlight the importance of early diagnosis of DDA, especially in the mixed dentition, which can lead to reducing the complication of an orthodontic treatment plan.