Prevalence of nephrolithiasis in polycystic kidney disease

Abstract

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>We aim to define the prevalence of nephrolithiasis, the impact of anatomic and metabolic factors to stone formation and prognosis of patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease in Albania. We included 200 patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney from 2002 to 2009. The patients underwent X-ray, renal ultrasonography. We performed the metabolic evaluation of blood and urine. Survival times were calculated as the time to dialysis, transplantation, or death. Kaplan-Meier product-limit survival curves were constructed. Log rank test was used to compare the survival curves. Nephrolithiasis was present in 116 of our patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (58%), with a mean age 46.4±5.7 years. Sixty five patients with kidney stones (56%) were women. The stones were composed primarily of urate (47%) and calcium oxalate (39%), and other compounds 14%. In 40% of patients the presence of stones was associated with a history of urinary tract infections and flank pain. In our study the prevalence of nephrolithiasis is 58%, higher than it reported in literature. Except anatomic and metabolic factors, there are other contributor factors to stone formation in our patients such socioeconomic status of patients, geographic zones and dietary habits.</jats:p>

Stone Prevalence in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…We identified an additional 20 eligible articles through our further search strategy described above, which resulted in a total of 49 eligible articles (a total of 9396 patients with ADPKD). 7 - 12 , 14 , 17 - 58 The chance-corrected agreement between 2 independent reviewers for full-text eligibility was excellent (κ = 0.86).…”

“…Among the 5 studies that reported asymptomatic stones, the percentage of patients ranged between 1% and 68%. 17,18,21,37,48 (2) by report of a death due to chronic renal failure with a clinical diagnosis of ADPKD;…”

“…17,21,24,37,40,48 In most patients, stones were solely located in the renal calyces. 17,18 Most stones were composed of uric acid according to 6 studies 7,18,20,21,37,48 and oxalate according to 2 studies (Table 4). 22,26 The prevalence of stones ranged from 3% to 12% in family members confirmed not to be affected with ADPKD (Table 3).…”

Association between Nephrolithiasis, Hypertension and Obesity in Polycystic Kidney Disease

“…Uric acid and calcium stones are the most frequent types of stones in ADPKD patients even though hyperuricosuria and hypercalciuria do not occur consistently in ADPKD patients [ 6 , 10 ]. Umbreit et al in his study also found that 55% of treated stones in ADPKD were primarily uric acid calculi [ 21 ].…”

“…Nephrolithiasis is an important manifestation of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), which ranges from 8% to 36% in different studies [ 1 - 10 ], about twice higher than in general population.…”