Prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes in non-typhoidal<i>Salmonella</i>strains with resistance and reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones from human clinical cases in Alberta, Canada, 2009–13: Table 1.

Kim, Jinyong; Han, Xin; Bae, Junghee; Chui, Linda; Louie, Marie; Finley, Rita; Mulvey, Michael R.; Ferrato, Christina; Jeon, Byeonghwa

doi:10.1093/jac/dkw232

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…In the present study, we found that Enteriditis was the serotype with the greatest number of ciprofloxacin‐non‐susceptible isolates, but notably, 98% (183/186) of these isolates were nalidixic acid resistant and only 1% (2/186) had the study phenotype. This is consistent with a recent Canadian study that found Enteritidis had the greatest number of ciprofloxacin‐non‐susceptible isolates, but only 4% (2/51) of ciprofloxacin‐non‐susceptible isolates had PMQR genes (Kim et al, ). Clonal expansion of isolates with QRDR mutations may contribute to high quinolone‐resistance levels in this serotype (Kilmartin, Morris, O'Hare, Corbett‐Feeney, & Cormican, ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Plasmid‐mediated quinolone resistance in human non‐typhoidal Salmonella infections: An emerging public health problem in the United States

Karp

Campbell

Chen³

et al. 2018

Zoonoses and Public Health

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Invasive Salmonella infections in adults are commonly treated with fluoroquinolones, a critically important antimicrobial class. Historically, quinolone resistance was the result of chromosomal mutations, but plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) has emerged and is increasingly being reported in Enterobacteriaceae worldwide. PMQR may facilitate the spread of quinolone resistance, lead to higher-level quinolone resistance, and make infections harder to treat. To better understand the epidemiology of PMQR in non-typhoidal Salmonella causing human infections in the United States, we looked at trends in quinolone resistance among isolates submitted to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. We reviewed demographic, exposure and outcome information for patients with isolates having a PMQR-associated phenotype during 2008-2014 and tested isolates for quinolone resistance mechanisms. We found that PMQR is emerging among non-typhoidal Salmonella causing human infections in the United States and that international travel, reptile and amphibian exposure, and food are likely sources of human infection.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Plasmid‐mediated quinolone resistance in human non‐typhoidal Salmonella infections: An emerging public health problem in the United States

Karp

Campbell

Chen³

et al. 2018

Zoonoses and Public Health

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“…The absence of the qnr-A gene in isolates that had a positive phenotype indicated that the disc diffusion method may either be more sensitive and causing a few false positive. To explain this contradiction it can also be noted that the target gene for ciprofloxacin is not always the qnrABSCD genes (Kim et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Resistance to aminoglycosides is associated with carriage of aadA gene; resistance to quinolones is associated with carriage of qnrA gene; resistance to β-lactams is associated with carriage of a blaTEM (ESBL) gene; resistance to chloramphenicol is associated with carriage of cat gene; resistance to sulfonamide is associated with carriage of sul genes, and resistance to tetracycline is associated with tet gene. In addition, intI1 is associated with class 1 integrons (Ozgen, 2007;Olobatoke and Mulugeta, 2015;Kim et al, 2016).…”

Section: Phenotypic Test For Detecting Antimicrobial Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Confirmation of Antimicrobial Resistance by Using Resistance Genes of Isolated Salmonella spp. in Chicken Houses of North West, South Africa.

Ramatla¹,

Taioe²,

Thekisoe³

et al. 2019

jwpr

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The widespread use of antibiotics for treatment of bacterial infections and growth promotion in the poultry industry has effectively increased antibiotic resistance around the world. Antibiotics resistance can be caused by different mechanisms and can be determined through phenotypic and molecular methods. The aim of the present study was to determine the occurrence of antibiotic resistance in Salmonella serovars isolated from layer chickens and rats in poultry houses. Phenotypic testing of antimicrobial resistance was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Furthermore, molecular evaluations and PCR assay were conducted for detecting resistance genes and class 1 integrons. A total of 144 Salmonella isolates (68 from rats and 46 from chickens) serovars were assessed. Evaluation of phenotypic resistance patterns demonstrated that Salmonella isolates have the highest antibiotic resistance for rifampicin (100%) followed by tetracycline (68%), ciprofloxacin (48%), sulphonamides (42%), chloramphenicol (39%), nalidixic acid (33%), ampicillin (28%), cephalothin (18%), streptomycin (18%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (6%), enrofloxacin (5%), and gentamicin (4%). Some Salmonella serovars revealed multi-drug resistance for up to four different antibiotics. According to PCR results, all the tested resistant gene markers (tet, cat, blaTEM, sul, qnrA, and aadA) were detected from the Salmonella isolates. The study further confirmed that 68% of Salmonella isolates were harboring class 1 integrons and the majority of the isolates (n=52) which were harboring these genes were recovered from the rats. The results of the present study provided that the Salmonella spp. isolated from chickens and rats in poultry houses, exhibited significant antibiotic resistance. Moreover, the current research ultimately highlights the importance of rats as carriers of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and the risk of transmission to chickens and humans. DECLARATIONSAuthor's contributions Ramatla T. performed the experiments and wrote the first draft. Moeti OT and Thekisoe OMM provided the analysis tools and data analysis and reviewed the manuscript. Michelo S conceived and designed the experiments, provided reagents, materials and approved the final paper. Consent to publishAll the authors agreed to publish the manuscript and declared that this work has not been previously published elsewhere.

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“…Pitout et al (2008) reported a low-level frequency of detection (0.8%) for qnrS, while Peirano et al (2012) reported no detection of any qnr genes in their study conducted in Calgary, AB. Interestingly, qnrA, qnrB and qnrS PMQR genes have been reported recently from human Salmonella isolates from Alberta (Kim et al 2016). Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes are known to confer reduced susceptibilities to quinolones at a level below the susceptibility breakpoints (Allou et al 2009).…”

Section: Household and Community Distribution Of The Resistant Enterimentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of antimicrobial resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporin, quinolones, and vancomycin in selected human enteric pathogens from Prince Edward Island, Canada

Awosile

German²,

Rodríguez-Lecompte

et al. 2018

Can. J. Microbiol.

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The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of fecal carriage of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp. and Escherichia coli with reduced susceptibilities to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESCs) and quinolones in humans on Prince Edward Island, Canada. Convenience fecal samples from individuals on Prince Edward Island were screened phenotypically using selective culture and genotypically using multiplex polymerase chain reactions to detect E. coli and Enterococcus spp. resistant to critically important antimicrobials. Twenty-six (5.3%) of 489 individuals had E. coli with reduced susceptibility to ESCs. Twenty-five (96.2%) of the 26 isolates harbored bla, 18 (69.2%) harbored bla, 16 (61.5%) harbored bla groups, 2 (7.7%) harbored bla genes. None of the ESC-resistant E. coli was positive for carbapenem resistance. Twenty-one (8.3%) of 253 individuals had E. coli isolates with reduced quinolone susceptibility. All 21 isolates were positive for at least 1 qnr gene, with 3 (14.3%) isolates positive for qnrB, 5 (23.8%) positive for qnrS, and 13 (61.9%) positive for both qnrB and qnrS genes. All the enterococci isolates were vancomycin-susceptible. Higher susceptibility to the critically important antimicrobials was found in this study. This study can serve as a baseline for future antimicrobial resistance surveillance within this region.

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Prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes in non-typhoidalSalmonellastrains with resistance and reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones from human clinical cases in Alberta, Canada, 2009–13: Table 1.

Cited by 14 publications

References 10 publications

Plasmid‐mediated quinolone resistance in human non‐typhoidal Salmonella infections: An emerging public health problem in the United States

Plasmid‐mediated quinolone resistance in human non‐typhoidal Salmonella infections: An emerging public health problem in the United States

Confirmation of Antimicrobial Resistance by Using Resistance Genes of Isolated Salmonella spp. in Chicken Houses of North West, South Africa.

Determination of antimicrobial resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporin, quinolones, and vancomycin in selected human enteric pathogens from Prince Edward Island, Canada

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