Prevalence of Skin Reactivity to Coccidioidin and Associated Risks Factors in Subjects Living in a Northern City of Mexico

Gabriel, Antonio Padua y; Martínez-Ordaz, Verónica Araceli; Velasco-Rodreguez, Vı́ctor M; lazo-sáenz, Juan Gerardo; Cicéro, R

doi:10.1016/s0188-0128(99)00048-2

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…44 The incidence of disease in Central and South America has not been clearly defined. Skin testing surveys in Mexico found positivity rates between 40% and 90% in certain states, 45 indicating a high frequency of exposure to the fungus. Endemic regions have been defined in Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, northern Venezuela, northeastern Brazil, Argentina, Bolivia, and Paraguay.…”

Section: Coccidioides Immitis and Coccidioides Posadasiimentioning

confidence: 99%

The Global Burden of Fungal Diseases

Vallabhaneni

Mody

Walker

et al. 2016

Infectious Disease Clinics of North America

238

159

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Section: Coccidioides Immitis and Coccidioides Posadasiimentioning

confidence: 99%

The Global Burden of Fungal Diseases

Vallabhaneni

Mody

Walker

et al. 2016

Infectious Disease Clinics of North America

238

159

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“…On the basis of surveys using coccidioidin testing conducted in the 1960s in Mexico, it was concluded that Coccidioides -endemic regions include the Northern zone bordering the USA, (eg, the Mojave, Sonoran, and Chihuahuan Desert regions), the Pacific Coast zone (eg, Nayarit, Jalisco, and Michoacan), and the Central Zone (eg, Durango) 5,33. More limited skin surveys, performed in the 1990s, found rates of positivity ranging from 40% to over 90% in the state of Coahuila 34. The mapping of Coccidioides endemicity in Central and South America is less complete.…”

Section: Geographic Rangementioning

confidence: 99%

Coccidioidomycosis: epidemiology

Thompson¹,

Brown²,

Benedict³

et al. 2013

CLEP

143

106

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Coccidioidomycosis consists of a spectrum of disease, ranging from a mild, self-limited, febrile illness to severe, life-threatening infection. It is caused by the soil-dwelling fungi, Coccidioides immitis and C. posadasii, which are present in diverse endemic areas. Climate changes and environmental factors affect the Coccidioides lifecycle and influence infection rates. The incidence of coccidioidomycosis has risen substantially over the past two decades. The vast majority of Coccidioides infections occur in the endemic zones, such as California, Arizona, Mexico, and Central America. Infections occurring outside those zones appear to be increasingly common, and pose unique clinical and public health challenges. It has long been known that elderly persons, pregnant women, and members of certain ethnic groups are at risk for severe or disseminated coccidioidomycosis. In recent years, it has become evident that persons with immunodeficiency diseases, diabetics, transplant recipients, and prisoners are also particularly vulnerable.

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“…Considering the average hospitalization rate, the total health burden of Valley fever infection amounted to $40 billion in the past decade in the US. It is suggested that climate warming and drought, which lead to more frequent windblown dust storms and anthropogenic fugitive dust from unpaved roads, are the cause (Padua y Gabriel, 1999; Tong et al., 2017). These conditions appear to favor saprobic growth, conidia formation, and air dispersal of Coccidioides (Comrie, 2005; Kolivras et al., 2001; E. R. Lewis et al., 2015; Stacy et al., 2012; Zender & Talamantes, 2006).…”

Section: Effects On Human Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health and Safety Effects of Airborne Soil Dust in the Americas and Beyond

Tong

Gill

Sprigg

et al. 2023

Reviews of Geophysics

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Risks associated with dust hazards are often underappreciated, a gap between the knowledge pool and public awareness that can be costly for impacted communities. This study reviews the emission sources and chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of airborne soil particles (dust) and their effects on human and environmental health and safety in the Pan‐American region. American dust originates from both local sources (western United States, northern Mexico, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, and Argentina) and long‐range transport from Africa and Asia. Dust properties, as well as the trends and interactions with criteria air pollutants, are summarized. Human exposure to dust is associated with adverse health effects, including asthma, allergies, fungal infections, and premature death. In the Americas, a well‐documented and striking effect of soil dust is its association with Coccidioidomycosis, commonly known as Valley fever, an infection caused by inhalation of soil‐dwelling fungi unique to this region. Besides human health, dust affects environmental health through nutrients that increase phytoplankton biomass, contaminants that diminish water supply and affect food (crops/fruits/vegetables and ready‐to‐eat meat), spread crop and marine pathogens, cause Valley fever among domestic and wild animals, transport heavy metals, radionuclides and microplastics, and reduce solar and wind power generation. Dust is also a safety hazard to road transportation and aviation, in the southwestern US where blowing dust is one of the deadliest weather hazards. To mitigate the harmful effects, coordinated regional and international efforts are needed to enhance dust observations and prediction capabilities, soil conservation measures, and Valley fever and other disease surveillance.

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Prevalence of Skin Reactivity to Coccidioidin and Associated Risks Factors in Subjects Living in a Northern City of Mexico

Cited by 18 publications

References 10 publications

The Global Burden of Fungal Diseases

The Global Burden of Fungal Diseases

Coccidioidomycosis: epidemiology

Health and Safety Effects of Airborne Soil Dust in the Americas and Beyond

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