Prevention of cognitive decline in old age—varying effects of interventions in different populations

Qiu, Chengxuan; Johansson, Gunilla; Zhu, Feiqi; Kivipelto, Miia; Winblad, Bengt

doi:10.21037/atm.2019.06.19

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a type of cognitive dysfunction, is a clinical condition between cognitive decline and normal aging. Around 16% of MCI cases progress to dementia each year, with this trend increasing year by year (1). Epidemiological studies have shown that an MCI case may result in one of four outcomes: stable condition, progress to dementia, recovery to normal cognition through intervention, or death.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy cognitive function in a rat model of mild cognitive impairment via ERK signaling

Lin

Zheng

et al. 2020

Ann Palliat Med

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Background: The development of novel treatment strategies to reverse or impede cognitive dysfunction associated with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has gained attention in recent times. Meanwhile, hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) has been widely used as a neuroprotective therapy that can promote recovery of damaged neurons. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of HBO on cognitive function in rats with MCI and to clarify the associated mechanisms. Methods:We established a D-galactose-induced MCI rat model and evaluated the role of extracellularregulated kinase (ERK) signaling in HBO therapy for cognitive function using a specific inhibitor, U0126.All Rats were randomly assigned to four groups with 12 rats per group: normal control group; D-gal model group (group MCI); D-gal + HBO group (group HBO); D-gal + HBO + U0126 group (group U0126). We evaluated cognitive function by Morris water maze and pathological changes by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining of hippocampal slices. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the levels of caspase 3, while total ERK1/2 and phospho-ERK1/2 were assessed by Western blotting.Results: Shorter escape latency was observed in the HBO group as compared to the MCI group, which was to some extent reversed by U0126. Similarly, the HBO group showed the highest number of platform crossings as compared to the MCI and U0126 groups. Pathological analysis also showed less apoptosis and better hippocampal cell morphology in the HBO group. Caspase 3 levels also differed significantly, with lowest expression in the HBO group as compared to the MCI and U0126 groups. The levels of total ERK1/2 and p-ERK1/2 were more elevated in the HBO group as compared to the MCI group.Conclusions: This study found that HBO treatment has a protective effect on early cognitive dysfunction in rats with MCI. HBO therapy may act through ERK signaling, which inhibits apoptosis and protects cognitive function.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy cognitive function in a rat model of mild cognitive impairment via ERK signaling

Lin

Zheng

et al. 2020

Ann Palliat Med

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“…Another report states that older people (above 65 years) will increase to 1.5 billion by the end of 2050 [ 3 ]. In general, old age reduces the overall physical, cognitive, and sensory functionalities [ 4 , 5 ]. Therefore, an older adult faces difficulty performing routine tasks such as walking, jogging, eating, and dressing up [ 6 , 7 , 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Latest Research Trends in Fall Detection and Prevention Using Machine Learning: A Systematic Review

Usmani

Saboor

Haris

et al. 2021

Sensors

133

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Falls are unusual actions that cause a significant health risk among older people. The growing percentage of people of old age requires urgent development of fall detection and prevention systems. The emerging technology focuses on developing such systems to improve quality of life, especially for the elderly. A fall prevention system tries to predict and reduce the risk of falls. In contrast, a fall detection system observes the fall and generates a help notification to minimize the consequences of falls. A plethora of technical and review papers exist in the literature with a primary focus on fall detection. Similarly, several studies are relatively old, with a focus on wearables only, and use statistical and threshold-based approaches with a high false alarm rate. Therefore, this paper presents the latest research trends in fall detection and prevention systems using Machine Learning (ML) algorithms. It uses recent studies and analyzes datasets, age groups, ML algorithms, sensors, and location. Additionally, it provides a detailed discussion of the current trends of fall detection and prevention systems with possible future directions. This overview can help researchers understand the current systems and propose new methodologies by improving the highlighted issues.

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“…While cognitive decline cannot be completely reversed, it can be delayed or even avoided. This can be accomplished by therapies such as exercise, cognitive training, nutritional counseling, and risk factor monitoring [5]. One of the ways to implement cognitive training is through the use of serious games.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Heart Rate Variability and Game Performance in Normal and Cognitively Impaired Elderly Subjects Using Serious Games

et al. 2022

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Cognitive decline is one of the primary concerns in the elderly population. Serious games have been used for different purposes related to elderly care, such as physical therapy, cognitive training and mood management. There has been scientific evidence regarding the relationship between cognition and the autonomic nervous system (ANS) through heart rate variability (HRV). This paper explores the changes in the ANS among elderly people of normal and impaired cognition through measured HRV. Forty-eight subjects were classified into two groups: normal cognition (NC) (n = 24) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n = 24). The subjects went through the following experiment flow: rest for 3 min (Rest 1), play a cognitive aptitude game (Game 1), rest for another 3 min (Rest 2), then play two reaction-time games (Game 2&3). Ten HRV features were extracted from measured electrocardiography (ECG) signals. Based on statistical analysis, there was no significant difference on the HRV between the two groups, but the experiment sessions do have a significant effect. There was no significant interaction between sessions and cognitive status. This implies that the HRV between the two groups have no significant difference, and they will experience similar changes in their HRV regardless of their cognitive status. Based on the game performance, there was a significant difference between the two groups of elderly people. Tree-based pipeline optimization tool (TPOT) was used for generating a machine learning pipeline for classification. Classification accuracy of 68.75% was achieved using HRV features, but higher accuracies of 83.33% and 81.20% were achieved using game performance or both HRV and game performance features, respectively. These results show that HRV has the potential to be used for detection of mild cognition impairment, but game performance can yield better accuracy. Thus, serious games have the potential to be used for assessing cognitive decline among the elderly.

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Prevention of cognitive decline in old age—varying effects of interventions in different populations

Cited by 17 publications

References 31 publications

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy cognitive function in a rat model of mild cognitive impairment via ERK signaling

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy cognitive function in a rat model of mild cognitive impairment via ERK signaling

Latest Research Trends in Fall Detection and Prevention Using Machine Learning: A Systematic Review

Analysis of Heart Rate Variability and Game Performance in Normal and Cognitively Impaired Elderly Subjects Using Serious Games

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