Prevention of Tooth Discoloration Due to Calcium-Silicate Cements: A Review

Meraji, Naghmeh; Bolhari, Behnam; Sefideh, Maryam Rezazadeh; Niavarzi, Soheil

doi:10.4103/denthyp.denthyp_22_19

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Another study mentioned that to reduce the effect of tooth discoloration, final irrigation with water before obturation is recommended [ 44 ]. Several methods for preventing tooth discoloration caused by MTA and MTA-like cement have been proposed, including the application of dentin bonding agents on dentinal walls, the use of cement containing radiopacifying agents other than bismuth oxide, and the addition of zinc oxide to cement containing bismuth oxide [ 45 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological and Chemical Analysis of Different Types of Calcium Silicate-Based Cements

Mahmoud

Al-Afifi

Farook

et al. 2022

International Journal of Dentistry

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Objectives. Particle size and shape can influence the properties of materials. However, to improve the physicochemical and biological properties of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), silicate-based hydraulic cements were introduced. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the major constituents and crystalline structures along with the surface morphology of different types of calcium silicate-based cement (CSC). Materials and Methods. Six different types of CSC (white Portland cement, white ProRoot MTA, white MTA Angelus, Biodentine, and Endosequence, both putty and paste) were used in this study. Five samples of each material were analyzed in both uncured and cured cement using scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM/EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Results. SEM analysis showed that the surfaces of all materials consisted of particle sizes ranging from 0.194 μm to approximately 51.82 μm. The basic elements found in both uncured and cured cement of all tested materials using EDX were carbon, calcium, silicon, and oxygen. A difference was observed in the presence or absence of magnesium, aluminum, bismuth, zirconium, and tantalum. XRD showed that all tested materials were composed mainly of tricalcium silicate and dicalcium silicate, which are the main components of Portland cement. FTIR analysis showed aromatic rings, phosphine PH, alkyl halides, and alcohol O-H groups in all tested materials but at different wavenumbers. Conclusions. The different types of CSCs tested in this study were primarily modified types of Portland cement with the addition of radiopacifiers. ProRoot MTA and MTA Angelus contained bismuth oxide, Biodentine contains zirconium oxide, whereas Endosequence root repair materials (both putty and paste) contained zirconium oxide and tantalum oxide. Endosequence root repair materials showed smaller particle sizes than the other groups. White PC had the most irregular and large particle sizes. CSC had a smaller particle size, except for MTA Angelus. Clinical Relevance. The composition of CSC has a direct influence on the properties of these cements, which may affect the clinical outcome of the treatment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological and Chemical Analysis of Different Types of Calcium Silicate-Based Cements

Mahmoud

Al-Afifi

Farook

et al. 2022

International Journal of Dentistry

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“…Canal treatment is an important clinical practice in endodontics where mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) serves as a dental filling and radiopacifying material for lateral perforations, apexification, direct pulp capping, and root end filling [1][2][3][4][5][6]. The long setting time and tooth discoloration are key issues to be addressed for MTAs [7][8][9]. The setting time is immediate, and discoloration occurs after treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various solidifying solutions that include calcium chloride, calcium nitrate, calcium formate [16,17], calcium lactate gluconate [18], disodium hydrogen phosphate [19], tannic acid [20], silk fibroin [21], etc., were investigated to shorten the setting times. For the most part, tooth discoloration is caused by blood contamination [8,22] and the radiopacifier Bi 2 O 3 [9,23]. Alternative radiopacifiers, such as ZrO 2 and Ta 2 O 5 , have been used in commercial products to minimize tooth discoloration [24,25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endodontic Radiopacifying Application of Barium Titanate Prepared through a Combination of Mechanical Milling and Heat Treatment

Lin,

Chen,

Hsu

et al. 2023

Materials

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Mineral trioxide aggregates (MTA) are commonly used as endodontic filling materials but suffer from a long setting time and tooth discoloration. In the present study, the feasibility of using barium titanate (BTO) for discoloration and a calcium chloride (CaCl2) solution to shorten the setting time was investigated. BTO powder was prepared using high-energy ball milling for 3 h, followed by sintering at 700–1300 °C for 2 h. X-ray diffraction was used to examine the crystallinity and crystalline size of the as-milled and heat-treated powders. MTA-like cements were then prepared using 20–40 wt.% BTO as a radiopacifier and solidified using a 0–30% CaCl2 solution. The corresponding radiopacity, diametral tensile strength (DTS), initial and final setting times, and discoloration performance were examined. The experimental results showed that for the BTO powder prepared using a combination of mechanical milling and heat treatment, the crystallinity and crystalline size increased with the increasing sintering temperature. The BTO sintered at 1300 °C (i.e., BTO-13) exhibited the best radiopacity and DTS. The MTA-like cement supplemented with 30% BTO-13 and solidified with a 10% CaCl2 solution exhibited a radiopacity of 3.68 ± 0.24 mmAl and a DTS of 2.54 ± 0.28 MPa, respectively. In the accelerated discoloration examination using UV irradiation, the color difference was less than 1.6 and significantly lower than the clinically perceptible level (3.7). This novel MTA exhibiting a superior color stability, shortened setting time, and excellent biocompatibility has potential for use in endodontic applications.

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“…Typically, MTA is a powder mixture consisting of 75% Portland cement, 20% radiopacifier, and 5% gypsum. Though widely used in endodontic treatment as dental filling material, MTA still experiences a few drawbacks, including a long setting time, tooth discoloration, difficulty in handling, and relatively high cost [4][5][6]. Long setting time is the first inevitable incident to be encountered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discoloration Improvement by Mechanically-Milled Binary Oxides as Radiopacifier for Mineral Trioxide Aggregates

et al. 2022

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Mineral trioxide aggregates (MTA) have been widely used in endodontic treatments, but after some time, patients suffer tooth discoloration due to the use of bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) as a radiopacifier. Replacement of Bi2O3 with high energy ball-milled single (zirconia ZrO2; hafnia, HfO2; or tantalum pentoxide, Ta2O5) or binary oxide powder was attempted, and corresponding discoloration improvement was investigated in the present study. Bi2O3-free MTA is expected to exhibit superior discoloration. The radiopacity, diametral tensile strength, and discoloration of MTA-like cements prepared from the as-milled powder were investigated. Experimental results showed that MTA-like cements prepared using Ta2O5 exhibited a slightly higher radiopacity than that of HfO2 but had a much higher radiopacity than ZrO2. Milling treatment (30 min to 3 h) did not affect the radiopacities significantly. These MTA-like cements exhibited superior color stability (all measured ΔE00 < 1.0) without any perceptible differences after UV irradiation. MTA-like cements prepared using ZrO2 exhibited the best color stability but the lowest radiopacity, which can be improved by introducing binary oxide. Among the investigated samples, MTA-like cement using (ZrO2)50(Ta2O5)50 exhibited excellent color stability and the best overall performance with a radiopacity of 3.25 mmAl and a diametral tensile strength of 4.39 MPa.

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Prevention of Tooth Discoloration Due to Calcium-Silicate Cements: A Review

Cited by 10 publications

References 1 publication

Morphological and Chemical Analysis of Different Types of Calcium Silicate-Based Cements

Morphological and Chemical Analysis of Different Types of Calcium Silicate-Based Cements

Endodontic Radiopacifying Application of Barium Titanate Prepared through a Combination of Mechanical Milling and Heat Treatment

Discoloration Improvement by Mechanically-Milled Binary Oxides as Radiopacifier for Mineral Trioxide Aggregates

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