Priming and Multiple Memory Systems: Perceptual Mechanisms of Implicit Memory

Schacter, Daniel L.

doi:10.1162/jocn.1992.4.3.244

Cited by 384 publications

(338 citation statements)

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“…This view assumes that reconfiguration operations require access to many different processes or modules. However, many researchers assume that implicit effects are localized within a single process or a single module (Ratcliff & McKoon, 1997;Roediger, 1990;Schacter, 1994). Second, there is no guarantee that the time course of implicit knowledge of cues and the relations between them would support Monsell and Mizon's predictions.…”

Section: Summary and Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Still clever after all these years: Searching for the homunculus in explicitly cued task switching.

Logan¹,

Schneider²,

Bundesen³

2007

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

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Many researchers interpret switch costs in the explicit task-cuing procedure as reflecting endogenous task-set reconfiguration. G. D. Logan and C. Bundesen (2003) challenged this interpretation empirically and theoretically. They argued that many experiments confounded cue encoding benefits with switch costs and they showed that unconfounded switch costs could be vanishingly small. They proposed a theory in which subjects use a single task set in the explicit task-cuing procedure and switch costs reflect cue encoding benefits, not reconfiguration. S. Monsell and G. A. Mizon (2006) responded to these challenges, describing conditions under which substantial switch costs could be observed in the explicit task-cuing procedure and providing a theoretical account of performance in which reconfiguration occurred in G. D. Logan and C. Bundesen's experiments. This article is a response to S. Monsell and G. A. Mizon's challenge that highlights empirical problems with their evidence and reports an experiment that challenges critical assumptions of their theoretical account.

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Section: Summary and Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Still clever after all these years: Searching for the homunculus in explicitly cued task switching.

Logan¹,

Schneider²,

Bundesen³

2007

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

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“…[59]) or a "structural description system" in psychology (e.g. [21,43]). It occurs once perceptual processing has advanced sufficiently and long-term memory representations resembling the highly processed percept are activated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurophysiological evidence for two processing times for visual object identification

Schendan

2002

Neuropsychologia

120

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Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were recorded to fragmented pictures of objects that were named correctly or were not to investigate the time course of visual object identification. The first ERP difference distinguishing identified from unidentified pictures estimates the upper limit of the time by which human brain regions have begun to activate long-term memory (LTM) representations specifying the identity of a visual object. Data from 15 young adults indicate that this time varies with the extent to which object parts are recoverable from the visual input, being ∼200 ms earlier with recoverable than unrecoverable parts. Successful identification is evident by ∼300 ms when object parts and overall structural configuration are readily recoverable but not until ∼550 ms when object parts are difficult or impossible to recover (i.e. too poorly specified by the available contours to be recovered). In both cases, successful identification is associated with greater relative positivity. However, unidentified recoverable pictures are associated with an enhanced frontal negativity (N350), linked to object matching operations, not seen for non-recoverable pictures. Taken together, these results implicate two distinct processing sequences in the successful identification of visual objects.

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“…These and related findings have inspired the idea that priming of visual words reflects presemantic processes associated with visual word perception (Bower, 1996;Curran & Schacter, 1996;Keane, Gabrieli, Fennema, Growdon & Corkin, 1991;Ratcliff & McKoon, 1996;Roediger, 1990;Schacter, 1990Schacter, , 1994Schacter & Buckner, 1998;Squire, 1994;Tulving & Schacter, 1990). The basic hypothesis is that prior study of a visual word facilitates (or biases, Ratcliff & McKoon, 1996) later perception of the cue (e.g., TRU), so that the previously studied word (TRUCK) is more likely to come to mind.…”

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confidence: 98%

Cross-Modal Priming and Explicit Memory in Patients with Verbal Production Deficits

Curran

Schacter

Galluccio

1999

Brain and Cognition

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Implicit memory is often thought to reflect an influence of past experience on perceptual processes, yet priming effects are found when the perceptual format of stimuli changes between study and test episodes. Such cross-modal priming effects have been hypothesized to depend upon stimulus recoding processes whereby a stimulus presented in one modality is converted to other perceptual formats. The present research examined recoding accounts of cross-modal priming by testing patients with verbal production deficits that presumably impair the conversion of visual words into auditory/phonological forms. The patients showed normal priming in a visual stem completion task following visual study (Experiment 1), but showed impairments following auditory study in both implicit (Experiment 2) and explicit (Experiment 3) stem completion. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that verbal production processes contribute to the recoding of visual stimuli and support cross-modal priming. The results also indicate that shared processes contribute to both explicit memory and cross-modal implicit memory. © 1999 Academic Press Implicit memory occurs when behavior is affected by previous experience without intentional, conscious recollection of that experience (Roediger & McDermott, 1993;Schacter, 1987). Perceptual or data-driven implicit memory tasks are those in which memory is cued by a stimulus that is physically related to the target stimulus. For example, in word-stem completion, participants might study the word TRUCK then their memory would be cued indirectly by asking them to complete three-letter stems including TRU . Per-

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Priming and Multiple Memory Systems: Perceptual Mechanisms of Implicit Memory

Cited by 384 publications

References 100 publications

Still clever after all these years: Searching for the homunculus in explicitly cued task switching.

Still clever after all these years: Searching for the homunculus in explicitly cued task switching.

Neurophysiological evidence for two processing times for visual object identification

Cross-Modal Priming and Explicit Memory in Patients with Verbal Production Deficits

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