Principles of Equivalence: Their Role in Gravitation Physics and Experiments That Test Them

Haugan, Mark P.; Lämmerzahl, Cláus

doi:10.1007/3-540-40988-2_10

Cited by 36 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The WEP is not unique to GR-any theory whose matter fields couple to a unique metric tensor (e.g., Brans-Dicke theory [831]) satisfies the WEP, independent of the field equations governing this metric. 52 For a review of the various formulations of the equivalence principle and tests, see [182,183,832].…”

Section: Laboratory and Solar System Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond the cosmological standard model

et al. 2015

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After a decade and a half of research motivated by the accelerating universe, theory and experiment have a reached a certain level of maturity. The development of theoretical models beyond Λ or smooth dark energy, often called modified gravity, has led to broader insights into a path forward, and a host of observational and experimental tests have been developed. In this review we present the current state of the field and describe a framework for anticipating developments in the next decade. We identify the guiding principles for rigorous and consistent modifications of the standard model, and discuss the prospects for empirical tests.We begin by reviewing recent attempts to consistently modify Einstein gravity in the infrared, focusing on the notion that additional degrees of freedom introduced by the modification must "screen" themselves from local tests of gravity. We categorize screening mechanisms into three broad classes: mechanisms which become active in regions of high Newtonian potential, those in which first derivatives of the field become important, and those for which second derivatives of the field are important. Examples of the first class, such as f (R) gravity, employ the familiar chameleon or symmetron mechanisms, whereas examples of the last class are galileon and massive gravity theories, employing the Vainshtein mechanism. In each case, we describe the theories as effective theories and discuss prospects for completion in a more fundamental theory. We describe experimental tests of each class of theories, summarizing laboratory and solar system tests and describing in some detail astrophysical and cosmological tests. Finally, we discuss prospects for future tests which will be sensitive to different signatures of new physics in the gravitational sector.The review is structured so that those parts that are more relevant to theorists vs. observers/experimentalists are clearly indicated, in the hope that this will serve as a useful reference for both audiences, as well as helping those interested in bridging the gap between them.

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Section: Laboratory and Solar System Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond the cosmological standard model

et al. 2015

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“…Haugan and Lämmerzahl [28], see also [44], argue that the presence of a torsion of spacetime violates local Lorentz invariance. Similarly, Kostelecky [41] and Bluhm and Kostelecky [11] attempt to violate Lorentz invariance already on the level of a RC-spacetime.…”

Section: Metric-affine Geometry Of Spacetimementioning

confidence: 99%

Einstein-aether theory, violation of Lorentz invariance, and metric-affine gravity

2005

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We show that the Einstein-aether theory of Jacobson and Mattingly (J&M) can be understood in the framework of the metric-affine (gauge theory of) gravity (MAG).We achieve this by relating the aether vector field of J&M to certain post-Riemannian nonmetricity pieces contained in an independent linear connection of spacetime.Then, for the aether, a corresponding geometrical curvature-square Lagrangian with a massive piece can be formulated straightforwardly. We find an exact spherically symmetric solution of our model.

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“…The weak equivalence principle states that free-falling bodies (influenced only by gravity) at the same initial conditions (position, velocity) have the same acceleration independent of size and composition (Wessen, 2006). The Einsteinian equivalence principle states that the outcome of any non-gravitational experiment in a freely-falling laboratory is independent of the velocity of the laboratory in space-time (Haugen and Lammerzahl, 2001;Pogosyan, 2011). In order to account for these findings in general relativity, Einstein in 1915 redefined several fundamental concepts (such as gravity and inertia) in terms of a new concept of curvature of space-time, instead of the more traditional system of forces understood by Newton (Einstein, 2001).…”

Section: Einstein's General Theory Of Relativitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Space-Time Intervals Underlie Human Conscious Experience, Gravity, and a Theory of Everything

Sieb¹

2018

Neuroquantology

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Space-time intervals are the fundamental components of conscious experience, gravity, and a Theory of Everything. Space-time intervals are relationships that arise naturally between events. They have a general covariance (independence of coordinate systems, scale invariance), a physical constancy, that encompasses all frames of reference. There are three basic types of space-time intervals (light-like, time-like, space-like) which interact to create space-time and its properties. Human conscious experience is a four-dimensional space-time continuum created through the processing of space-time intervals by the brain; space-time intervals are the source of conscious experience (observed physical reality). Human conscious experience is modeled by Einstein's special theory of relativity, a theory designed specifically from the general covariance of space-time intervals (for inertial frames of reference). General relativity is our most accurate description of gravity. In general relativity, the general covariance of space-time intervals is extended to all frames of reference (inertial and non-inertial), including gravitational reference frames; space-time intervals are the source of gravity in general relativity. The general covariance of space-time intervals is further extended to quantum mechanics; space-time intervals are the source of quantum gravity. The general covariance of space-time intervals seamlessly merges general relativity with quantum field theory (the two grand theories of the universe). Space-time intervals consequently are the basis of a Theory of Everything (a single all-encompassing coherent theoretical framework of physics that fully explains and links together all physical aspects of the universe). This theoretical framework encompasses our observed physical reality (conscious experience) as well; space-time intervals link observed physical reality to actual physical reality. This provides an accurate and reliable match between observed physical reality and the physical universe by which we can carry on our activity. The Minkowski metric, which defines generally covariant space-time intervals, may be considered an axiom (premise, postulate) for the Theory of Everything.

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Principles of Equivalence: Their Role in Gravitation Physics and Experiments That Test Them

Cited by 36 publications

References 53 publications

Beyond the cosmological standard model

Beyond the cosmological standard model

Einstein-aether theory, violation of Lorentz invariance, and metric-affine gravity

Space-Time Intervals Underlie Human Conscious Experience, Gravity, and a Theory of Everything

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