Prism adaptation and generalization during visually guided locomotor tasks

Alexander, M. Scott; Flodin, Brent W. G.; Marigold, Daniel S.

doi:10.1152/jn.01040.2010

Cited by 33 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 46 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…34,43,44 In the present study, however, gait parameters changed on initial BD lens wear, with no sign of adaptation after 7 minutes, whereas in BU lens wear gait parameters were similar to baseline values.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 59%

The Effects of Vertical Yoked Prisms on Gait

Errington

Menant

Suttle

et al. 2013

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Citation: Errington JA, Menant JC, Suttle CM, Bruce J, Asper LJ. The effects of vertical yoked prisms on gait. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2013;54:3949-3956. DOI:10.1167/ iovs.12-10955 PURPOSE. To investigate the influence of base down (BD) and base up (BU) yoked prism wear on gait.METHODS. Gait was assessed in 31 young healthy adults (mean age, 24.0 6 5.1 years) during and after wearing 5 prism diopter ( D ) BU yoked prisms, 5 D BD yoked prisms, and plano (PL) (zero power; control condition) lenses, worn in a pseudorandom order. Velocity; cadence; step length; double support phase; step width; and variability in step time, step width, step length, and swing time were measured as participants walked at a freely chosen walking speed along a 5.3-m electronic mat placed in the center of a 7.5-m walkway. Gait parameters were analyzed for each viewing condition before, during, and after prism wear.RESULTS. BD yoked prisms, when compared with PL, led to slower velocity, lower cadence, decreased step length, and increased step time variability (P 0.001) These gait parameters did not significantly differ between BU yoked prisms and PL lenses (P > 0.05). Measurements taken immediately on removal did not differ from those taken after a time delay of 5 minutes.CONCLUSIONS. BD yoked prisms affected gait in young healthy adults walking across an unobstructed path at their freely chosen walking speed, in that participants adopted a slower, apparently more cautious gait pattern; BU yoked prisms did not significantly affect gait. The effect of BD prism on gait may be due in part to a perception of increased height.

show abstract

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 59%

The Effects of Vertical Yoked Prisms on Gait

Errington

Menant

Suttle

et al. 2013

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The differing results may arise because different-type syllables represent entirely different movement categories to the bird, analogous to performing reaching versus ball-throwing movements. Although some studies have found that learning generalizes across categorically different movements (Conditt et al, 1997;Morton and Bastian, 2004;Krakauer et al, 2006;Alexander et al, 2011), others have not (Roby-Brami and Burnod, 1995;Field et al, 1999;Krakauer et al, 2000;Palmer and Meyer, 2000). Analogously, in speech studies, the training and test utterances may not have been internally represented as separate categories.…”

Section: Generalization Is Not Predicted By Acoustic Similaritymentioning

confidence: 99%

Vocal Generalization Depends on Gesture Identity and Sequence

Hoffmann

Sober

2014

J. Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Generalization, the brain's ability to transfer motor learning from one context to another, occurs in a wide range of complex behaviors. However, the rules of generalization in vocal behavior are poorly understood, and it is unknown how vocal learning generalizes across an animal's entire repertoire of natural vocalizations and sequences. Here, we asked whether generalization occurs in a nonhuman vocal learner and quantified its properties. We hypothesized that adaptive error correction of a vocal gesture produced in one sequence would generalize to the same gesture produced in other sequences. To test our hypothesis, we manipulated the fundamental frequency (pitch) of auditory feedback in Bengalese finches (Lonchura striata var. domestica) to create sensory errors during vocal gestures (song syllables) produced in particular sequences. As hypothesized, error-corrective learning on pitch-shifted vocal gestures generalized to the same gestures produced in other sequential contexts. Surprisingly, generalization magnitude depended strongly on sequential distance from the pitch-shifted syllables, with greater adaptation for gestures produced near to the pitch-shifted syllable. A further unexpected result was that nonshifted syllables changed their pitch in the direction opposite from the shifted syllables. This apparently antiadaptive pattern of generalization could not be explained by correlations between generalization and the acoustic similarity to the pitch-shifted syllable. These findings therefore suggest that generalization depends on the type of vocal gesture and its sequential context relative to other gestures and may reflect an advantageous strategy for vocal learning and maintenance.

show abstract

“…With respect to the accumulation of stress yielding the negative effects associated with MD, a difference has been reported between short-and long-term effects [2,74,75]. Although referring to prism effects in healthy subjects, these references suggest that the long term tonic imbalance between the healthy and affected vestibular organ may lead to habituation specifically by means of velocity storage.…”

Section: The Therapeutic Effect Of Wabipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of vestibular disorders with weak asymmetric base-in prisms: An hypothesis with a focus on Ménière’s disease

Bos

Lubeck

Vente³

2018

VES

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract.BACKGROUND: Regular treatments of Ménière's disease (MD) vary largely, and no single satisfactory treatment exists. A complementary treatment popular among Dutch and Belgian patients involves eyeglasses with weak asymmetric base-in prisms, with a perceived high success rate. An explanatory mechanism is, however, lacking. OBJECTIVE: To speculate on a working mechanism explaining an effectiveness of weak asymmetric base-in prims in MD, based on available knowledge. METHODS: After describing the way these prisms are prescribed using a walking test and its effect reported on, we give an explanation of its underlying mechanism, based on the literature. RESULTS: The presumed effect can be explained by considering the typical star-like walking pattern in MD, induced by a drifting after-image comparable to the oculogyral illusion. Weak asymmetric base-in prisms can furthermore eliminate the conflict between a net vestibular angular velocity bias in the efferent signal controlling the VOR, and a net re-afferent ocular signal. CONCLUSIONS: The positive findings with these glasses reported on, the fact that the treatment itself is simple, low-cost, and socially acceptable, and the fact that an explanation is at hand, speak in favour of elaborating further on this treatment.

show abstract

Prism adaptation and generalization during visually guided locomotor tasks

Cited by 33 publications

References 46 publications

The Effects of Vertical Yoked Prisms on Gait

The Effects of Vertical Yoked Prisms on Gait

Vocal Generalization Depends on Gesture Identity and Sequence

Treatment of vestibular disorders with weak asymmetric base-in prisms: An hypothesis with a focus on Ménière’s disease

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About