Private tutoring through the internet: globalization and offshoring

Ventura, Alexandre; Jang, Sunhwa

doi:10.1007/s12564-009-9065-5

Cited by 59 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…In the domain of shadow education, it may include large classes and even full lecture-theaters. In some societies, the term also embraces classes with video replay rather than live tutors (Kwo and Bray 2011); and increasingly tutoring is provided over the internet either live or in recorded form (Ventura and Jang 2010).…”

Section: Defining Terms and Setting Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of shadow education on student academic achievement: Why the research is inconclusive and what can be done about it

Bray

2014

Asia Pacific Educ. Rev.

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Recent decades have brought global expansion of private supplementary tutoring, widely known as shadow education. Such tutoring consumes considerable resources and is usually viewed by participating households as an investment that will increase the recipients' academic achievements. However, research on the effectiveness of tutoring has delivered inconclusive and even contradictory findings. Part of the reason lies in definitions and foci of research, since private supplementary tutoring may have many different formats, delivery mechanisms and intensities. As with other types of education, it is important also to investigate the qualities of the instructors and the motivations of the students. This creates a complex research arena, in which practical challenges arise from shortcomings in the instruments for securing data and limitations in methods for analyzing the data. This paper assesses the current state of the literature and makes recommendations for the future research agenda.

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Section: Defining Terms and Setting Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of shadow education on student academic achievement: Why the research is inconclusive and what can be done about it

Bray

2014

Asia Pacific Educ. Rev.

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“…In line with the rise of "virtual" schools and classrooms where (shadow) education is administered through the internet, the study by Ventura and Jang (2010) sheds light on this phenomenon in India, Korea and Portugal.…”

Section: From State Level Studies To the Individualmentioning

confidence: 91%

Shadow educations: mapping the global discourse

Manzón

Areepattamannil

2014

Asia Pacific Journal of Education

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“…It can also be provided in organized courses, either in small or in larger groups. In some countries tutoring is provided by mail, via the internet (Ventura & Jang, 2010) or even by telephone (Bray, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shadow education and social class inequalities in secondary education in Greece: the case of teaching English as a foreign language

Tsiplakides¹

2018

RISE

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This article deals with the shadow education system of private tutoring which contributes to the reproduction of social class inequalities, focusing on the Greek public secondary education system. It presents a literature review of the issue and the findings of an empirical qualitative and quantitative research that aimed at examining the causes of the students’ massive resort to private supplementary tutoring for learning the English language, despite the fact that English is taught at school. The study also set out to examine the relationship between students’ socioeconomic background and resort to private supplementary tutoring and the relationship between socioeconomic background and knowledge of the English language as attested by official certifications. Research findings indicate that the widely spread resort to private supplementary tutoring has a negative impact on the teaching of English in Greek public lower secondary education. Using Bourdieu’s cultural reproduction theory, we argue that private supplementary tutoring makes closer the relationship between social class, familial cultural and economic capital and educational outcomes. Thus, upper and middle class students are at an advantage, since they can move to the labour market with valued educational qualifications that enhance their occupational prospects. Finally, we discuss educational measures to address the problem.

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Private tutoring through the internet: globalization and offshoring

Cited by 59 publications

References 5 publications

The impact of shadow education on student academic achievement: Why the research is inconclusive and what can be done about it

The impact of shadow education on student academic achievement: Why the research is inconclusive and what can be done about it

Shadow educations: mapping the global discourse

Shadow education and social class inequalities in secondary education in Greece: the case of teaching English as a foreign language

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