Probabilistic dietary risk assessment of pesticide residues in foods for the German population based on food monitoring data from 2009 to 2014

Sieke, Christian; Michalski, Britta; Kühl, Thomas

doi:10.1038/jes.2017.7

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…1,16,28 At the level of the general population, residential pesticide use, 8,10,29 contact with contaminated household surfaces, 30 and notably diet 1,29,31−35 have been identified as important exposure pathways to PRs. Short-term and cumulative dietary exposure to a number of PRs have been shown to be a public health concern, 36,37 in particular for children. 34 PR screening in food and feed and monitoring of human exposure to PRs therefore play vital roles in safeguarding public health.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Occupational exposure and the handling of items that have been treated with pesticides (e.g., cut flowers, , plant cultivation infrastructure and materials) increase the probability of uptake and subsequent acute or chronic adverse health effects. , Such exposure can be minimized by using personal protective equipment, ,, by implementing engineering controls during handling, by using proper ventilation, and by reducing or avoiding pesticide use. , Environmental exposure to contaminated water, soil or air from runoff, dust and spray drift generated by domestic or agricultural pesticide applications is also an important pathway of exposure to PRs. ,, At the level of the general population, residential pesticide use, ,, contact with contaminated household surfaces, and notably diet ,,− have been identified as important exposure pathways to PRs. Short-term and cumulative dietary exposure to a number of PRs have been shown to be a public health concern, , in particular for children . PR screening in food and feed and monitoring of human exposure to PRs therefore play vital roles in safeguarding public health …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Silicone Wristband Passive Samplers Yield Highly Individualized Pesticide Residue Exposure Profiles

Aerts

Joly

Szternfeld

et al. 2017

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Monitoring human exposure to pesticides and pesticide residues (PRs) remains crucial for informing public health policies, despite strict regulation of plant protection product and biocide use. We used 72 low-cost silicone wristbands as noninvasive passive samplers to assess cumulative 5-day exposure of 30 individuals to polar PRs. Ethyl acetate extraction and LC-MS/MS analysis were used for the identification of PRs. Thirty-one PRs were detected of which 15 PRs (48%) were detected only in worn wristbands, not in environmental controls. The PRs included 16 fungicides (52%), 8 insecticides (26%), 2 herbicides (6%), 3 pesticide derivatives (10%), 1 insect repellent (3%), and 1 pesticide synergist (3%). Five detected pesticides were not approved for plant protection use in the EU. Smoking and dietary habits that favor vegetable consumption were associated with higher numbers and higher cumulative concentrations of PRs in wristbands. Wristbands featured unique PR combinations. Our results suggest both environment and diet contributed to PR exposure in our study group. Silicone wristbands could serve as sensitive passive samplers to screen population-wide cumulative dietary and environmental exposure to authorized, unauthorized and banned pesticides.

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Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicone Wristband Passive Samplers Yield Highly Individualized Pesticide Residue Exposure Profiles

Aerts

Joly

Szternfeld

et al. 2017

Environ. Sci. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The first attempts at such a risk assessment were reported as early as the 1970s and referred to vinyl chloride, published by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), entitled "Quantitative Risk Assessment Community Exposure to Vinyl Chloride" [17]. Over the years, risk assessment has become increasingly important and various tools for risk assessment have been developed and used by researchers [18][19][20][21][22][23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Risk Assessment of Pesticide Ingestion with Fruit and Vegetables for Consumer’s Health

Jurak

Bošnir

Đikić

et al. 2021

International Journal of Food Science

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Pesticides are chemicals used in agriculture to protect crops from pests. In addition to protection during cultivation, they are also used after harvesting to extend the shelf life of products. Postharvest control stands out, especially when it comes to products imported from distant countries, resulting in increased concentration of pesticides and risk to human health consuming such products. In this study, analyses of pesticide residues were performed on 200 samples of fruits and vegetables. Pesticide residues were identified and quantified in 30 out of 200 samples. Study results revealed imazalil to be the most frequently detected pesticide. Risk assessment was performed on the obtained results, and it was carried out separately for adults and for children under 6 years of age. Imazalil showed the highest ARfD percentage for adults (max% ARfD 251%), and these values were especially high on risk assessment for children, where they amounted up to max% ARfD 1087%. The study of imazalil impact was performed on 16 Swiss albino mice divided into two groups and 4 subgroups. Experimental group animals were treated with the corresponding NOAEL dose of imazalil (10 mg/kg) for 28 days. Body weight was measured before each pesticide application on a digital electronic Sartorius scale. Peripheral blood analysis was performed after 28-day animal exposure to pesticides. Animals were anesthetized, blood samples were obtained by cardiac puncture, and red blood cell (RBC) count, hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, and white blood cell (WBC) count were determined by standard hematological methods. The organs for determination of imazalil concentration were extracted immediately upon animal sacrifice and stored in a freezer at -80°C until analysis. Results show difference in gain weight, and an increase in WBC count was recorded in the experimental group as compared with a control group of animals. The highest imazalil levels were recorded in adipose tissue (45.2‰) which proves tendency to accumulate.

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“…Recent science has deepened scientific and public concerns over daily exposures to pesticides, particularly dietary exposures [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Both overall reliance on pesticides relative to other pest-management tools, and the number and diversity of residues in diets have risen steadily for decades.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The dietary risk index system: a tool to track pesticide dietary risks

Benbrook¹,

Davis

2020

Environ Health

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Background For years the United States Department of Agriculture’s Pesticide Data Program and the United Kingdom’s Food Standards Agency have published annual or quarterly data on pesticide residues in foods. Both programs report residues in conventionally grown, organic, and imported foods. The US program has tested about 288,000 food samples since 1992, primarily fruits and vegetables consumed by children. Since 1999 the UK has tested about 72,000 samples of a wider range of foods. These data are vital inputs in tracking trends in pesticide dietary risks. Methods The Dietary Risk Index (DRI) system facilitates detailed analyses of US and UK pesticide residue data, trends, and chronic risk distributions. The DRI value for a pesticide is the dietary intake of that pesticide from a single serving of food divided by the pesticide’s acceptable daily intake as set by the US Environmental Protection Agency. It can be calculated based on average annual residue concentrations, and on residue levels in individual samples of food. DRI values can be aggregated over multiple pesticides in single foods, and over individual pesticides in multiple foods. Results The DRI system provides insights into the levels, trends, and distribution of pesticide dietary risk across most widely consumed foods. By drawing on both US Pesticide Data Program and UK-Food Standards Agency residue data, the DRI is capable of assessing pesticide risks in a significant portion of the global food supply. Substantial reductions in pesticide dietary risks occurred in the early 2000s, primarily from replacement of organophosphate insecticides with seemingly lower-risk neonicotinoids. However, there remain several areas of concern and opportunities to reduce risks. Both herbicide and fungicide dietary risks are rising. Organically grown produce poses risks far lower than corresponding, conventionally grown produce. Risk differences are inconsistent between domestic and imported foods. Conclusions The surest ways to markedly reduce pesticide dietary risks are to shift relatively high-risk fruits and vegetables to organic production. For other foods, reducing reliance on pesticides overall, and especially high-risk pesticides, will incrementally lower risks. The DRI system can help focus such efforts and track progress in reducing pesticide dietary risk.

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Probabilistic dietary risk assessment of pesticide residues in foods for the German population based on food monitoring data from 2009 to 2014

Cited by 16 publications

References 17 publications

Silicone Wristband Passive Samplers Yield Highly Individualized Pesticide Residue Exposure Profiles

Silicone Wristband Passive Samplers Yield Highly Individualized Pesticide Residue Exposure Profiles

The Risk Assessment of Pesticide Ingestion with Fruit and Vegetables for Consumer’s Health

The dietary risk index system: a tool to track pesticide dietary risks

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