Probabilistic human health risk assessment and Sobol sensitivity reveal the major health risk parameters of aluminum in drinking water in Shiraz, Iran

Mohammadpour, Amin; Hosseini, M. Reza; Dehbandi, Reza; Khodadadi, Nematullah; Keshtkar, Mahsa; Shahsavani, Ebrahim; Elshall, Ahmed S.; Azhdarpoor, Abooalfazl

doi:10.1007/s10653-023-01675-9

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“… Parameters Distribution function Values Ref. As Log-normal [0.212 ± 0.896]* 45 Cr Gamma [2.436 ± 0.125] Cd Normal [0.071 ± 0.060] Pb Normal [3.45 ± 2.61] Zn Log-normal [3.478 ± 1.295] Cu Normal (3.509 ± 2.27) Mn Weibull [2.207 ± 52.088] 46 BW Children Normal [15, 3] 47 Adults Normal [70, 7] IR Children Normal [1, 0.2] Adults Normal [2, 5] *Mean ± SD. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive health risk analysis of heavy metal pollution using water quality indices and Monte Carlo simulation in R software

Badeenezhad,

Soleimani,

Shahsavani

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Rapid urbanization, population growth, agricultural practices, and industrial activities have led to widespread groundwater contamination. This study evaluated heavy metal contamination in residential drinking water in Shiraz, Iran (2021). The analysis involved 80 groundwater samples collected across wet and dry seasons. Water quality was comprehensively assessed using several indices, including the heavy metals evaluation index (HEI), heavy metal pollution index (HPI), contamination degree (CD), and metal index (MI). Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk assessments were conducted using deterministic and probabilistic approaches for exposed populations. In the non-carcinogenic risk assessment, the chronic daily intake (CDI), hazard quotient (HQ), and hazard index (HI) are employed. The precision of risk assessment was bolstered through the utilization of Monte Carlo simulation, executed using the R software platform. Based on the results, in both wet and dry seasons, Zinc (Zn) consistently demonstrates the highest mean concentration, followed by Manganese (Mn) and Chromium (Cr). During the wet and dry seasons, 25% and 40% of the regions exhibited high CD, respectively. According to non-carcinogenic risk assessment, Cr presents the highest CDI and HQ in children and adults, followed by Mn, As and HI values, indicating elevated risk for children. The highest carcinogenic risk was for Cr in adults, while the lowest was for Cd in children. The sensitivity analysis found that heavy metal concentration and ingestion rate significantly impact both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks. These findings provide critical insights for shaping policy and allocating resources towards effectively managing heavy metal contamination in residential drinking water.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive health risk analysis of heavy metal pollution using water quality indices and Monte Carlo simulation in R software

Badeenezhad,

Soleimani,

Shahsavani

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

Self Cite

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“…Al is also a harmful substance for species that respire through gills, including fish and invertebrates, as it reduces the disruption of ion concentrations in their plasma and haemolymph which, in turn, results in a breakdown of osmoregulation processes [91]. Elevated concentrations of aluminum were discovered in the central and eastern regions of the studied area, where Eutricambisol and Gleisols soils prevail and the pH tends to be more acidic compared to the western part of the town [86][87][88][89][90]. Regarding barium (Ba), the highest concentration was observed in the drinking-water source (88.98 µg/L); the lowest value was found at point 2 of Teceu Lake (39.80 µg/L).…”

Section: Metal Composition Of Water Samplesmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…When aluminum is found in drinking water, its bioavailability can be higher, enabling increased absorption in the body [88]. Connections have been identified between exposure to aluminum and neurodegenerative diseases of the brain such as Alzheimer's disease [89]. Studies have indicated that cognitive decline occurs with a daily intake of Al ≥ 0.1 mg/day from drinking water [90].…”

Section: Metal Composition Of Water Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Physico-Chemical Indicators and Metal Assessment of Teceu Lake and the Adjacent Groundwater Located in a Natura 2000 Protected Area, NW of Romania

Dippong,

Mihali,

Avram

2023

Water

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This study closely analyzes the water quality dynamics of Teceu Lake, situated in a Natura 2000 protected area in Romania. The research investigates seasonal variations and interconnections with groundwater, assessing various ecological impacts. The main physico-chemical indicators of water, such as electrical conductivity (EC), dissolved oxygen (DO), oxygen saturation (OS), temperature, pH, turbidity, ammonium concentration (NH4+), nitrates (NO3−), nitrites (NO2−), orthophosphates (PO43−), water hardness, alkalinity (A), and chlorides (Cl−), were measured over the January–December 2022 period. Metal concentrations for both major metals (Na, K, Ca, Mg, Al) and trace metals (Li, Ga, Fe, Mn, Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni, Ti, Mo, Sr, Ba) were assessed. The evolution of the physico-chemical indicators revealed an increase in nutrient compounds (ammonium and phosphates) during the spring and autumn months. The EC values ranged from 180–444 μS/cm for the lake and 1575–2480 μS/cm for groundwater. The pH values (7.12–7.96) indicated a slightly alkaline environment. DO levels (6.79–11.21 mg/L) indicated good water quality. Chlorides exceeded levels in drinking water in some instances. Water hardness varied due to pH, temperature, and atmospheric pressure. Metal composition revealed diverse levels of aluminum, barium, nickel, copper, zinc, and manganese, which carries implications for environmental and human health. The water quality index (WQI) score, which is based on major ions, indicated that 93% of the groundwater samples were classified as excellent and good for drinking. WQI, based on the main physico-chemical indicators, revealed that 79.17% of the Teceu Lake-water samples and 41.66% of the groundwater samples gathered were classified as good quality; the difference indicated poor quality, especially in autumn. Q- and R-mode cluster analyses revealed distinct clusters for seasonal months and sampling points, suggesting shared sources and geological influences. Notable connections between physico-chemical indicators and metal content were identified, emphasizing the need for a tailored conservation strategy. Correlation analyses highlighted both positive and negative relationships between metal pairs. Understanding these parameters is vital for water resource management and preserving biodiversity in the region. The results of this study are important for monitoring pollution in Lake Teceu and might prompt local communities and authorities to take measures to reduce and prevent pollution.

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“…Depending on the levels of Al contained in the water source and whether Al flocculants are used during water treatment, varying levels of Al can be detected in drinking water [2]. Nevertheless, the excessive use of Al salts, such as alum, and Al polymers, such as poly-aluminum chloride, in the coagulation and flocculation processes of water treatment raises concerns about increased Al levels in drinking water [43,44]. Aluminum is present in numerous formulations of cosmetics and personal care items, including antiperspirants, lipsticks, liquid makeup foundations, and toothpaste [45].…”

Section: Dietary Exposure Assessment and Risk Characterization Of Al ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Exposure to Aluminum through Consumption of Noodle Products

Kongta,

Judprasong,

Chunhabundit

et al. 2023

Foods

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This study aimed to determine aluminum (Al) contents in commonly consumed noodles and estimate the risk of Al exposure through the consumption of noodles in the Thai population. A total of 80 samples, 20 samples each of rice stick noodles, egg noodles, wide rice noodles, and Thai rice noodles was purchased from markets in Bangkok Metropolitan and other four provinces in each region of Thailand. Wet digestion and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) were used to determine Al contents. Exposure assessment of Al was conducted by applying the consumption amounts of noodles from the national consumption survey and the Al contents of the noodle samples. The hazard quotient (HQ) was calculated to estimate the risk of exposure to Al. Aluminum contents in the noodles ranged from not detected to 630 mg/kg. Exposure to Al from consumption of each noodle product in all age groups was lower than the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI). However, Al exposures in children calculated from the high consumer models and Al exposures in all age groups from the worst-case scenarios were higher than the PTWI, indicating potential adverse health effects. Consumers who regularly consume large amounts of noodle products containing Al may be at risk of having adverse health effects.

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Probabilistic human health risk assessment and Sobol sensitivity reveal the major health risk parameters of aluminum in drinking water in Shiraz, Iran

Cited by 7 publications

References 46 publications

Comprehensive health risk analysis of heavy metal pollution using water quality indices and Monte Carlo simulation in R software

Comprehensive health risk analysis of heavy metal pollution using water quality indices and Monte Carlo simulation in R software

Water Physico-Chemical Indicators and Metal Assessment of Teceu Lake and the Adjacent Groundwater Located in a Natura 2000 Protected Area, NW of Romania

Assessment of Exposure to Aluminum through Consumption of Noodle Products

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