Probabilistic optimal scheduling of networked microgrids considering time-based demand response programs under uncertainty

Nikmehr, Nima; Ravadanegh, Sajad Najafi; Khodaei, Amin

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.04.071

Cited by 200 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…[14] [15], [16] [17], [18] [ The organization of the paper is as follows: section II describes the model description and formulation and the case studies and discussion about the simulation results are given in Section III. Findings of this work are summarized in Section IV.…”

Section: Ns T I Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the same study, the authors use incentive-based payments as price offer packages in order to implement DR programs. In [18], a daily optimal scheduling problem of MGs considering intermittent behavior in generation and demand is investigated, where two DR programs based on time of use (TOU) and real time pricing (RTP) are integrated into the optimal scheduling model. In the above-mentioned references that have addressed the MG scheduling with considering DR participants, the MG security issues are not studied.…”

Section: Ns T I Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimal scheduling of distributed energy resources and responsive loads in islanded microgrids considering voltage and frequency security constraints

Vahedipour‐Dahraie

Najafi

Anvari‐Moghaddam

et al. 2018

Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy

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Low inertia of distributed energy resources (DERs), high penetration levels of renewable energy sources (RESs) and load demand variations put the islanded microgrids (MGs) security at risk of instability. This paper proposes a twostage stochastic model for coordination of DERs and responsive loads in islanded MGs with regard to voltage and frequency security constraints. Based on the proposed model, scheduling of the controllable units in both supply and demand sides is done in a way not only to maximize the expected profit of MG operator (MGO), but also to minimize the energy payments of customers under the premise of security and stability of MG. An AC optimal power flow (AC-OPF) procedure is also used to study operating condition of the system under uncertainties and to guarantee acceptable nodal voltages and system frequency during different scenarios. The proposed stochastic optimization model is then applied to a typical autonomous MG and its effectiveness is demonstrated through different scenarios under uncertainties in load consumption and renewable energy resources (RESs) productions. Simulation results demonstrate that customers' participation in DR programs have significant effect on the system's performance in terms of voltage and frequency stability. Moreover, optimal coordination of DERs and responsive loads can increase the expected profit of MGO significantly. The effectiveness of the proposed scheduling approach is verified on an islanded MG test system over a 24-h period.Index Terms-Demand response (DR), microgrid (MG), distributed energy resource (DER), voltage and frequency security, renewable energy sources (RESs). DR t j D BIncome of group j of customer at period t after implementing DR programs. ,t j BIncome of group j of customer at period t when the demand is at nominal value. Energy bid submitted by wind unit w (PV v) in period t (cents/kWh).Bid of the up (down)-spinning reserve submitted by DG i in period t (cents/kWh).Bid of the non-spinning reserve submitted by DG i in period t (cents/kWh).Bid of the up (down)-spinning reserve submitted by load j in period t (cents/kWh).Demand of load j in period t (and scenario s) (kW).Demand of load group j after implementing DR programs in period t (kW).Self-elasticity (Cross-elasticity) of load group j. LFMaximum power flow from node n to r (kW). 2I. Introduction Recently, microgrid (MG) idea has been introduced to transform the conventional power systems to a more reliable, economic and environmentally friendly system. The diversified load consumption pattern and availability of power from green distributed energy resources (DERs) cause supply-demand mismatch in MGs. Optimal operation of MGs both technically and economically mainly relies on the coordination between different components including DERs, energy storage systems (ESSs), and responsive loads [1]- [2]. In grid-connected MGs, normally the economic operation is the main objective as there is a stiff-grid on upstream to support the system frequency and voltage at the point of ...

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Section: Ns T I Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ns T I Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal scheduling of distributed energy resources and responsive loads in islanded microgrids considering voltage and frequency security constraints

Vahedipour‐Dahraie

Najafi

Anvari‐Moghaddam

et al. 2018

Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy

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“…Microgrid scheduling is reviewed from various viewpoints like modeling techniques and reliability [3], energy management based on demand response [4], and generation/demand forecasting [5]. In general, the objectives of the models for the optimal design and scheduling of microgrids are cost-minimization problems under a variety of different constraints [6,7].…”

Section: State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic Assessment and Business Models of Rooftop Photovoltaic Systems in Multiapartment Buildings: Case Studies for Austria and Germany

Fina

Fleischhacker

Auer

et al. 2018

Journal of Renewable Energy

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This paper analyses the profitability and business models of shared, nonsubsidized PV systems' usage in multiapartment buildings in Austria in the context of legislative amendments which came into force in July 2017. In addition, it compares the Austrian results with those of Germany, where significantly higher retail electricity prices determine the profitability benchmark. To that end, a multiobjective optimization model is developed for the optimal dimensioning of PV systems and energy storage facilities in keeping with different end user objectives, ranging from minimizing annual electricity costs to maximizing self-consumption. The results show that the profitability of shared use of nonsubsidized PV systems is marginal in Austria. This means that, based on individual apartment load profiles, the profitability gap ranges between 0 and 40 euros per apartment, whereas the consideration of the building as total load leads to a small cost-saving potential of about 90 euros for the whole building in the best case and thus profitability. In contrast, significant profitability of shared PV systems in multiapartment buildings can be achieved in Germany, where the renewable energy surcharge results in high retail electricity prices. At present, different business models, accounting and billing concepts, are being tested in these countries to learn about the best-practice concepts.

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“…However, dispatchable DGs are not considered. Authors in [40] propose optimal scheduling using PSO under ToU and RTP market prices by considering uncertainties of RESs and loads. The optimal scheduling model is used to address the impact of demand response on networked MGs.…”

Section: Energy Management Using Heuristic Optimization Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Jaya based Optimization Method with High Dispatchable Distributed Generation for Residential Microgrid

et al. 2018

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This paper presents a model for optimal energy management under the time-of-use (ToU) and critical peak price (CPP) market in a microgrid. The microgrid consists of intermittent dispatchable distributed generators, energy storage systems, and multi-home load demands. The optimal energy management problem is a challenging task due to the inherent stochastic behavior of the renewable energy resources. In the past, medium-sized distributed energy resource generation was injected into the main grid with no feasible control mechanism to prevent the waste of power generated by a distributed energy resource which has no control mechanism, especially when the grid power limit is altered. Thus, a Jaya-based optimization method is proposed to shift dispatchable distributed generators within the ToU and CPP scheduling horizon. The proposed model coordinates the power supply of the microgrid components, and trades with the main grid to reduce its fuel costs, production costs, and also maximize the monetary profit from sales revenue. The proposed method is implemented on two microgrid operations: the standalone and grid-connected modes. The simulation results are compared with other optimization methods: enhanced differential evolution (EDE) and strawberry algorithm (SBA). Finally, simulation results show that the Jaya-based optimization method minimizes the fuel cost by up to 38.13%, production cost by up to 93.89%, and yields a monetary benefit of up to 72.78% from sales revenue.

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Probabilistic optimal scheduling of networked microgrids considering time-based demand response programs under uncertainty

Cited by 200 publications

References 38 publications

Optimal scheduling of distributed energy resources and responsive loads in islanded microgrids considering voltage and frequency security constraints

Optimal scheduling of distributed energy resources and responsive loads in islanded microgrids considering voltage and frequency security constraints

Economic Assessment and Business Models of Rooftop Photovoltaic Systems in Multiapartment Buildings: Case Studies for Austria and Germany

Jaya based Optimization Method with High Dispatchable Distributed Generation for Residential Microgrid

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