Probing Active Sites on Metal-Free, Nitrogen-Doped Carbons for Oxygen Electroreduction: A Review

Zhou, Nan; Wang, Nan; Wu, Zexing; Li, Ligui

doi:10.3390/catal8110509

Cited by 71 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The specifications for a fuel cell system consist of establishing the performance, dimension, weight and size, emissions, output power, rapid start-up, and rapid response to changes in load, lifetime, and operability in intense environments and noise, which play an important role in certain applications. Great attention has been paid to replacing platinum group metals with carbon-based non-precious metal, nanoporous metals [ 333 , 334 , 335 ], heteroatom-doped carbons [ 336 ], covalent organic frameworks [ 337 , 338 ], non-precious metal, or precious-metal-free catalysts of inexpensive metals [ 339 , 340 , 341 ] as a promising new generation of electrocatalysts has emerged. This is due to their reduced cost, enhanced performance, and high stability and activity of fuel cell applications.…”

Section: Performance Of Single Monocells—pemfcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs): Advances and Challenges

Tellez-Cruz¹,

et al. 2021

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The study of the electrochemical catalyst conversion of renewable electricity and carbon oxides into chemical fuels attracts a great deal of attention by different researchers. The main role of this process is in mitigating the worldwide energy crisis through a closed technological carbon cycle, where chemical fuels, such as hydrogen, are stored and reconverted to electricity via electrochemical reaction processes in fuel cells. The scientific community focuses its efforts on the development of high-performance polymeric membranes together with nanomaterials with high catalytic activity and stability in order to reduce the platinum group metal applied as a cathode to build stacks of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) to work at low and moderate temperatures. The design of new conductive membranes and nanoparticles (NPs) whose morphology directly affects their catalytic properties is of utmost importance. Nanoparticle morphologies, like cubes, octahedrons, icosahedrons, bipyramids, plates, and polyhedrons, among others, are widely studied for catalysis applications. The recent progress around the high catalytic activity has focused on the stabilizing agents and their potential impact on nanomaterial synthesis to induce changes in the morphology of NPs.

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Section: Performance Of Single Monocells—pemfcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs): Advances and Challenges

Tellez-Cruz¹,

et al. 2021

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“…Since graphitic‐N is more stable than pyridinic‐N, pyrrolic‐N and oxidized‐N during the second heat treatment in N 2 , it can be inferred that compared with N‐C850‐900, more pyridinic‐N and pyrrolic‐N have been removed from N‐C800‐900 by the post‐treatment process. It has been reported that besides pyridinic‐N, graphitic‐N can also strongly influence the ORR activity according to the literature 25,46,54 . It was supposed that Gibbs' free energy change of the first‐electron reduction proceeded on carbon atoms contiguous to graphitic‐N is much slower than the one surrounding pyridinic N or pyrrolic N, which makes graphitic‐N more efficient 54 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A facile synthesis for nitrogen‐doped carbon catalyst with high activity of oxygen reduction reaction in acidic media

et al. 2021

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Summary In this paper, we report a facile method to synthesize a nitrogen‐doped carbon catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The catalyst was prepared via subsequent carbonization of the composite aerogel under NH3 and N2, which was synthesized by the hydrothermal treatment of resorcinol formaldehyde (RF) and graphene oxide (GO). The research focused on the effect of the heat treatment temperature on the carbon defects, doped nitrogen and ORR activity of the catalyst. The results show that more carbon defects can be formed under a relatively low temperature inside the catalyst which also possesses a high ratio of graphitic nitrogen. Interestingly, the catalyst shows a moderate ORR activity in alkaline (E1/2 = 0.78 V) but a good ORR activity in acids (E1/2 = 0.72 V), which should be attributed to its high content of carbon defects or graphitic nitrogen. Moreover, a direct methanol fuel cell with the nitrogen‐doped carbon as cathode catalyst was fabricated and tested, which gives peak power densities of 18.27 and 16.14 mW cm−2 at 4 and 14 M methanol solution, respectively. All the results reveal that the carbonization of RF‐GO composite aerogel is a promising facile method to prepare ORR catalysts with high activity.

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“…Many low-cost and efficient catalysts have been developed, including transition metals and nitrogen co-doped carbons (M-N/C, M=Fe or Co) [25], metal oxides [37], transition metal carbides [38], nitrides [39], and metal-free heteroatom-doped carbon-based catalysts [40]. Compared to metal-contained catalysts, the heteroatom-doped carbon-based materials with N, S, B, and P, can promote oxygen adsorption on the carbon nanostructure since these hetero-atoms are more electronegative than carbon, and cause neighboring carbon atoms electron deficiency [41]. Among them, N-doped carbons are extensively studied due to their remarkable ORR catalytic activity.…”

Section: Improving Orr and Oermentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress of Metal–Air Batteries—A Mini Review

et al. 2019

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With the ever-increasing demand for power sources of high energy density and stability for emergent electrical vehicles and portable electronic devices, rechargeable batteries (such as lithium-ion batteries, fuel batteries, and metal–air batteries) have attracted extensive interests. Among the emerging battery technologies, metal–air batteries (MABs) are under intense research and development focus due to their high theoretical energy density and high level of safety. Although significant progress has been achieved in improving battery performance in the past decade, there are still numerous technical challenges to overcome for commercialization. Herein, this mini-review summarizes major issues vital to MABs, including progress on packaging and crucial manufacturing technologies for cathode, anode, and electrolyte. Future trends and prospects of advanced MABs by additive manufacturing and nanoengineering are also discussed.

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Probing Active Sites on Metal-Free, Nitrogen-Doped Carbons for Oxygen Electroreduction: A Review

Cited by 71 publications

References 53 publications

Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs): Advances and Challenges

Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs): Advances and Challenges

A facile synthesis for nitrogen‐doped carbon catalyst with high activity of oxygen reduction reaction in acidic media

Recent Progress of Metal–Air Batteries—A Mini Review

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