Probiotics in Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19: Current Perspective and Future Prospects

Kurian, Shilia Jacob; Unnikrishnan, Mazhuvancherry Kesavan; Miraj, Sonal Sekhar; Bagchi, Debasis; Banerjee, Mithu; Reddy, Bobby; Rodrigues, Gabriel; Manu, Mohan K; Saravu, Kavitha; Mukhopadhyay, Chiranjay; Rao, Mahadev

doi:10.1016/j.arcmed.2021.03.002

Cited by 60 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…In addition, as vaccines simulate the contact of live viral antigens with the immune system [ 47 ], the better K8-induced response against the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine might be translated to a better immune response against the live virus in the case of infection. Numerous reviews have proposed the possible role of probiotics in the mitigation of COVID-19 severity due to their immunomodulatory properties [ 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 ]. In the present study, 9.5% of the studied population was infected by the SARS-CoV-2 virus before receiving the second dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Loigolactobacillus coryniformis K8 CECT 5711 on the Immune Response of Elderly Subjects to COVID-19 Vaccination: A Randomized Controlled Trial

et al. 2022

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Elderly people are particularly vulnerable to COVID-19, with a high risk of developing severe disease and a reduced immune response to the COVID-19 vaccine. A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial to assess the effect of the consumption of the probiotic Loigolactobacillus coryniformis K8 CECT 5711 on the immune response generated by the COVID-19 vaccine in an elderly population was performed. Two hundred nursing home residents >60 yrs that had not COVID-19 were randomized to receive L. coryniformis K8 or a placebo daily for 3 months. All volunteers received a complete vaccination schedule of a mRNA vaccine, starting the intervention ten days after the first dose. Specific IgG and IgA antibody levels were analyzed 56 days after the end of the immunization process. No differences between the groups were observed in the antibody levels. During the intervention, 19 subjects had COVID-19 (11 receiving K8 vs. 8 receiving placebo, p = 0.457). Subgroup analysis in these patients showed that levels of IgG were significantly higher in those receiving K8 compared to placebo (p = 0.038). Among subjects >85 yrs that did not get COVID-19, administration of K8 tended to increase the IgA levels (p = 0.082). The administration of K8 may enhance the specific immune response against COVID-19 and may improve the COVID-19 vaccine-specific responses in elderly populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Loigolactobacillus coryniformis K8 CECT 5711 on the Immune Response of Elderly Subjects to COVID-19 Vaccination: A Randomized Controlled Trial

et al. 2022

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“…The recombinant IFN-λ3-anchored L. plantarum can in vitro inhibit porcine gastroenteritis caused by coronavirus [ 52 ]. However, the clinical utility of probiotics in human infections caused by SARS-CoV-2 warrants further evaluations [ 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 ].…”

Section: Therapeutic Effects Of Dietary Supplement Of Probiotics For Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Dysbiosis during COVID-19 and Potential Effect of Probiotics

Hung

Lee

et al. 2021

Microorganisms

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), an RNA virus of the family Coronaviridae, causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an influenza-like disease that chiefly infects the lungs through respiratory transmission. The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, a transmembrane protein in its outer portion, targets angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as the binding receptor for the cell entry. As ACE2 is highly expressed in the gut and pulmonary tissues, SARS-CoV-2 infections frequently result in gastrointestinal inflammation, with presentations ordinarily ranging from intestinal cramps to complications with intestinal perforations. However, the evidence detailing successful therapy for gastrointestinal involvement in COVID-19 patients is currently limited. A significant change in fecal microbiomes, namely dysbiosis, was characterized by the enrichment of opportunistic pathogens and the depletion of beneficial commensals and their crucial association to COVID-19 severity has been evidenced. Oral probiotics had been evidenced to improve gut health in achieving homeostasis by exhibiting their antiviral effects via the gut–lung axis. Although numerous commercial probiotics have been effective against coronavirus, their efficacies in treating COVID-19 patients remain debated. In ClinicalTrials.gov, 19 clinical trials regarding the dietary supplement of probiotics, in terms of Lactobacillus and mixtures of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus, for treating COVID-19 cases are ongoing. Accordingly, the preventive or therapeutic role of probiotics for COVID-19 patients can be elucidated in the near future.

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“…Microbiota is known to mediate development and regulation of immune system and therefore it can influence outcome of anticancer immunotherapy [48]. The role of microbiota and probiotics are also proposed in management of inflammatory and cellular immune response in COVID-19 [49,50]. Moreover, the role of immune regulation in cancer and its management is a widely studied aspect.…”

Section: Microbiota Inflammation and Cancer-associated Signaling Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiota and cancer: current understanding and mechanistic implications

et al. 2021

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During last few decades, role of microbiota and its importance in several diseases has been a hot topic for research. The microbiota is considered as an accessory organ for maintaining normal physiology of an individual. These microbiota organisms which normally colonize several epithelial surfaces are known to secrete several small molecules leading to local and systemic effects on normal biological processes. The role of microbiota is also established in carcinogenesis as per several recent findings. The effects of microbiota on cancer is not only limited to their contribution in oncogenesis, but the overall susceptibility for oncogenesis and its subsequent progression, development of coinfections, and response to anticancer therapy is also found to be affected by microbiota. The information about microbiota and subsequent contributions of microbes in anticancer response motivated researchers in development of microbes-based anticancer therapeutics. We provided current status of microbiota contribution in oncogenesis with special reference to their mechanistic implications in different aspects of oncogenesis. In addition, the mechanistic implications of bacteria in anticancer therapy are also discussed. We conclude that several mechanisms of microbiota-mediated regulation of oncogenesis is known, but approaches must be focused on understanding contribution of microbiota as a community rather than single organisms-mediated effects.

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Probiotics in Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19: Current Perspective and Future Prospects

Cited by 60 publications

References 98 publications

Effects of Loigolactobacillus coryniformis K8 CECT 5711 on the Immune Response of Elderly Subjects to COVID-19 Vaccination: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Effects of Loigolactobacillus coryniformis K8 CECT 5711 on the Immune Response of Elderly Subjects to COVID-19 Vaccination: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Gut Dysbiosis during COVID-19 and Potential Effect of Probiotics

Microbiota and cancer: current understanding and mechanistic implications

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