Process–outcome research on humanistic therapy variables.

Abstract

Process-outcome research on humanistic therapies, particularly clientcentered and experiential therapies (CC/ET), has a long tradition. Initiated by Rogers (1957) and continued by Barrett-Lennard (1962) and Truax 83

Humanistic psychotherapy research 1990–2015: From methodological innovation to evidence-supported treatment outcomes and beyond

“…Goldman, Greenberg, and Pos (2005) found that positive shifts in the quality of clients' exploration of their inner experience--as measured by the Client Experiencing Scale (Klein, Mathieu, Gendlin, & Kiesler, 1969)--was a stronger predictor of outcome than the working alliance in client-centered and emotion-focused psychotherapy for depression. Previous studies have also addressed the impact of therapist proposals on the depth of clients' self-exploration (Sachse, 1992;Sachse & Elliott, 2002) in therapy sessions and found that therapists' statements that were high in experiencing resulted in higher levels of clients' experiencing during therapy sessions and that the depth of therapist experiential focus predicted overall outcome (Adams & Greenberg, 1996).…”

Discursive empathy: A new foundation for therapeutic practice

“…Every mode of therapy has adopted the notion of empathy and considers it to be a relevant basic condition (Sachse & Elliott, 2002;Watson, 2002). The taken-for-granted nature of empathy as an essential background condition has led many therapists to conceive of it as hardly more than a kindly and supportive presence (Bohart & Greenberg, 1997;Snyder, 1992).…”

Systems of Psychotherapy

“…Microprocess research (e.g., Sachse & Elliott, 2001) focuses on the impact of single interventions. Using transcripts of client-therapist-client (CTC) interactions, observers rate whether or not interventions encourage deeper exploration or integration of problematic experiences.…”