Processing speed is associated with differences in IQ and cognitive profiles between patients with schizophrenia and their healthy siblings

Krukow, Paweł; Karakuła-Juchnowicz, Hanna; Juchnowicz, Dariusz; Morylowska-Topolska, Justyna; Flis, Marta; Jonak, Kamil

doi:10.1080/08039488.2016.1204469

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…To date, two to five cognitive trajectories have been identified in patients with psychosis who differ in terms of demographic and clinical characteristics . Cognitive alteration is also common in unaffected siblings, but to a lesser extent, and subtyping is relevant to identify meaningful homogeneous trajectories . In our previous cross‐sectional study, we demonstrated three subtypes of cognitive alteration (i.e., normal, mixed, and impaired) in siblings .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Long‐term cognitive trajectories and heterogeneity in patients with schizophrenia and their unaffected siblings

Islam

Habtewold

et al. 2018

Acta Psychiatr Scand

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ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the heterogeneity and stability of cognition in patients with a non‐affective psychotic disorder and their unaffected siblings. In addition, we aimed to predict the cognitive subtypes of siblings by their probands.MethodAssessments were conducted at baseline, 3 and 6 years in 1119 patients, 1059 siblings and 586 controls from the Genetic Risk and Outcome of Psychosis (GROUP) study. Group‐based trajectory modeling was applied to identify trajectories and clustered multinomial logistic regression analysis was used for prediction modeling. A composite score of eight neurocognitive tests was used to measure cognitive performance.ResultsFive stable cognitive trajectories ranging from severely altered to high cognitive performance were identified in patients. Likewise, four stable trajectories ranging from moderately altered to high performance were found in siblings. Siblings had a higher risk of cognitive alteration when patients’ alteration was mild (OR = 2.21), moderate (OR = 5.70), and severe (OR = 10.07) compared with patients with intact cognitive function. The familial correlation coefficient between pairs of index patients and their siblings was 0.27 (P = 0.003).ConclusionsThe cognitive profiles identified in the current study might be suitable as endophenotypes and could be used in future genetic studies and predicting functional and clinical outcomes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Long‐term cognitive trajectories and heterogeneity in patients with schizophrenia and their unaffected siblings

Islam

Habtewold

et al. 2018

Acta Psychiatr Scand

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“…Cognitive impairment in schizophrenia can be selective or general though the most common deficits occur in executive function, processing speed, memory (e.g. episodic, verbal and working), attention, verbal fluency, problem-solving and social cognition [8][9][10][11] . Patients harbor a wide range of subjectively defined symptoms, which together yields instinctively heterogeneous groups of people who are collectively diagnosed with schizophrenia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review and narrative synthesis of data-driven studies in schizophrenia symptoms and cognitive deficits

et al. 2020

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To tackle the phenotypic heterogeneity of schizophrenia, data-driven methods are often applied to identify subtypes of its symptoms and cognitive deficits. However, a systematic review on this topic is lacking. The objective of this review was to summarize the evidence obtained from longitudinal and cross-sectional data-driven studies in positive and negative symptoms and cognitive deficits in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, their unaffected siblings and healthy controls or individuals from general population. Additionally, we aimed to highlight methodological gaps across studies and point out future directions to optimize the translatability of evidence from data-driven studies. A systematic review was performed through searching PsycINFO, PubMed, PsycTESTS, PsycARTICLES, SCOPUS, EMBASE and Web of Science electronic databases. Both longitudinal and cross-sectional studies published from 2008 to 2019, which reported at least two statistically derived clusters or trajectories were included. Two reviewers independently screened and extracted the data. In this review, 53 studies (19 longitudinal and 34 cross-sectional) that conducted among 17,822 patients, 8729 unaffected siblings and 5520 controls or general population were included. Most longitudinal studies found four trajectories that characterized by stability, progressive deterioration, relapsing and progressive amelioration of symptoms and cognitive function. Cross-sectional studies commonly identified three clusters with low, intermediate (mixed) and high psychotic symptoms and cognitive profiles. Moreover, identified subgroups were predicted by numerous genetic, sociodemographic and clinical factors. Our findings indicate that schizophrenia symptoms and cognitive deficits are heterogeneous, although methodological limitations across studies are observed. Identified clusters and trajectories along with their predictors may be used to base the implementation of personalized treatment and develop a risk prediction model for high-risk individuals with prodromal symptoms.

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“…We chose these two cognitive dimensions for two reasons: earlier studies demonstrated that impaired processing speed significantly contributes to differences between patients, their siblings and healthy individuals regarding any other cognitive dimensions 37–39 . Because cognitive speed in SZ patients is related to white matter integrity 40,41 and strength of long-range synchronization 42 , we assumed that its disruption should be associated with global network properties, such as centrality or assortativity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abnormalities in hubs location and nodes centrality predict cognitive slowing and increased performance variability in first-episode schizophrenia patients

Krukow

Jonak

Karpiński

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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Introducing the Minimum Spanning Tree (MST) algorithms to neural networks science eliminated the problem of arbitrary setting of the threshold for connectivity strength. Despite these advantages, MST has been rarely used to study network abnormalities in schizophrenia. An MST graph mapping a network structure is its simplification, therefore, it is important to verify whether the reconfigured network is significantly related to the behavioural dimensions of the clinical picture of schizophrenia. 35 first-episode schizophrenia patients and 35 matched healthy controls underwent an assessment of information processing speed, cognitive inter-trial variability modelled with ex-Gaussian distributional analysis of reaction times and resting-state EEG recordings to obtain frequency-specific functional connectivity matrices from which MST graphs were computed. The patients’ network had a more random structure and star-like arrangement with overloaded hubs positioned more posteriorly than it was in the case of the control group. Deficient processing speed in the group of patients was predicted by increased maximal betweenness centrality in beta and gamma bands, while decreased consistency in cognitive processing was predicted by the betweenness centrality of posterior nodes in the gamma band, together with duration of illness. The betweenness centrality of posterior nodes in the gamma band was also significantly correlated with positive psychotic symptoms in the clinical group.

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Processing speed is associated with differences in IQ and cognitive profiles between patients with schizophrenia and their healthy siblings

Cited by 14 publications

References 26 publications

Long‐term cognitive trajectories and heterogeneity in patients with schizophrenia and their unaffected siblings

Long‐term cognitive trajectories and heterogeneity in patients with schizophrenia and their unaffected siblings

A systematic review and narrative synthesis of data-driven studies in schizophrenia symptoms and cognitive deficits

Abnormalities in hubs location and nodes centrality predict cognitive slowing and increased performance variability in first-episode schizophrenia patients

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