Processo decisório em política externa no Brasil

Abstract

This doctoral dissertation attempts to understand pattern and dynamics in foreign policy decision-making processes in Brazil. We concentrate our attention on: 1) understanding the interactive dynamics between the Executive and the Legislature branches of the Brazilian Government regarding international issues; 2) understanding the inner dynamics of the Executive by analyzing the organizational and decision-making structures of the Ministry of Foreign Relations, as well as its relations with others bureaucracies and agencies; and 3) looking into the role of the President in decision-making processes regarding foreign relations and international politics. Twenty years after the adoption of a democratic Constitution, our research will look into the structures and operations of a post-redemocratization Federal Government between 1988 and 2007.

As Remodelagens Institucionais nas Estruturas de Apoio à Promoção Comercial no Brasil

“…No Brasil, esses questionamentos a respeito dos modelos de gestão pública chegam mais tardiamente, ganhando dimensão propositiva em meados da década de 1990, com a reforma administrativa do Estado ocorrida durante o governo de Fernando Henrique Cardoso. Contudo, embora uma série de recomendações e determinações tenham sido realizadas nesse período da história brasileira, atualmente ainda se preservam traços importantes do modelo de gestão burocrática, com sobreposição de modelos (Figueira, 2009).…”

“…Após esse período, porém, os temas softs (comércio, meio ambiente, direitos humanos etc.) emergiram como pauta central nos debates internacionais (Keohane; Nye, 1998) e, consequentemente, no caso do Brasil, a concentração do poder decisório no Itamaraty e sua dinâmica altamente insulada passam a ser problematizadas, uma vez que as questões de política externa com características multidimensionais demandavam frequentemente uma dinâmica interativa entre burocracias federais, bem como um diálogo mais estreito entre os poderes Executivo e Legislativo na conformação das posições internacionais do Brasil (Figueira, 2009).…”

“…Particularmente sobre esse episódio de resistência burocrática em função da possibilidade de ingresso de um novo ator político-institucional na configuração de forças de um governo, Niskanen (1971) traz uma grande contribuição analítica para o caso, ao considerar a disputa por orçamento, o espaço dentro do governo e poder de decisão como fatores-chaves para explicação do perfil de comportamento das burocracias dentro do sistema político. (Figueira, 2009).…”

Civil Society Participation in Brazilian Foreign Policy: an Analysis of its Democratic Quality

“…Academic production has made progress in explaining and analysing various aspects of this reality of Brazilian foreign policy, namely, its new institutional arrangements between governmental actors and the changes and continuities in the role traditionally filled by the Brazilian diplomatic bureaucracy. The diversity of analyses touches on perspectives related to: the constitutional competencies to act in distinct stages of the policy cycle on the part of the Executive (Sanchez et al 2006;França and Sanchez 2011) and the Legislative Branches (Lima and Santos 2001;Soares 2005;Figueira 2009); the internationalisation of sectorial policies and the broadening of foreign policy agendas (Milani and Pinheiro 2013); the pluralisation of foreign policy's agents (Cason and Power 2009); and the effects of the change in the correlation of forces between the factions of the national bourgeoisie on foreign policy (Berringer 2015).…”

“…Nonetheless, the principal focus of the present analysis resides in establishing dialogues with the intellectual production that, in the field of democratic theory, is concerned with the participation of civil society as the existence of deliberative processes that gather together the representatives of civil society and the executive branch, seeking to influence the formulation and implementation of policies and governmental programmes, in the framework of a representative democracy. For a review of the literature on the participation of the Brazilian legislative power in foreign policy, see Figueira (2009).…”