Procrastination and Self-Concept in More/Less Conscientious Students

Abstract

"Given its significant negative consequences for university students, procrastination has been studied extensively and shown to be associated with conscientiousness as a personality trait. Involving 333 university students doing teacher training programmes (68.5% female; Mage=20.51 (SD=1.61); 83.48% undergraduates doing a bachelor’s degree), our study aimed to explore the association between procrastination among more/less conscientious students and selected self-concept variables (self-control, self-efficacy, etc.). Our questionnaire was based on the Ten-Item Personality Inventory (Gosling, Rentfrow, Swann, 2003), the Self-Control Scale (Finkenauer, Engels, Baumeister, 2005), the Self-efficacy Scale (Ko?š, Hefteyova, Schwarzer, Jerusalem, 1993), and the Procrastination Scale for Student Populations (Gabrhelík, 2008); our control variables were gender and well- being (Subjective Well-Being Scale, Chan-Hoong, Soon, 2011). The sample was divided into two groups – (1) less conscientious and (2) more conscientious) – using the method of visual binning in SPSS 20. A t-test for independent samples and linear regression were used for data analysis. The less conscientious students in our sample reported a higher level of procrastination (t=6.479; df=310; p?0.001; Cohen's d=0.681). A linear model was conducted for both groups (the dependent variable being the level of procrastination, the independent variables being gender and the levels of self-control, self-efficacy, and well-being). Both models were significant ((1) F=8.449; p?0.001; R2=32.6; (2) F= 7.277; p?0.001; R2=25.7). Among the less conscientious students, the levels of self-control (?=-0.546; t=-5.262; p?0.001) and self-efficacy (?=-0.238; t=-2.092; p?0.001) were negatively associated with procrastination. Among the more conscientious students, the level of self-control (?=0.404; t=-3.929; p?0.001) was negatively associated with procrastination and “being a man” (0–man; 1–woman) (?=-0.307; t=-3.219; p?0.05) was significantly associated with the level of procrastination. The results of our study show trait and personality differences in the level of procrastination, highlighting the importance of self-control and self-efficacy development among university students. Interactive programmes with an impact on students’ self-concept can be a significant contribution to students’ ability to cope with their study requirements effectively. It could be argued that the limits of this study include cross-sectional and self-reported data."

The Relationship Between Self-Concept and Memory Motivation with Memory Procrastination on Students at Nurus Shofa Student Islamic Boarding School Malang

“…Self-concept has a relationship with procrastination because the link between selfconcept and procrastination can be seen from its emergence in human development, early childhood, usually have cognitive abilities that can understand that they are separate from others (Berinšterová et al, 2021). Environment and the people around them.…”

“…Motivation is a support designed to reduce procrastination. Motivation is a concept that explains a person's needs and desires and shows the direction of his actions (Berinšterová et al, 2021). People with low motivation tend to show that they feel uncomfortable with their work.…”

“…According to Berinšterová (2021), self-concept has four aspects. The first is Physical self-image, consisting of body qualities such as tall or short, thin or fat, disabled or normal.…”

Conscientiousness, Person Supervisor Fit and Organisational Citizenship Behaviour

“…This finding fulfils one of the important dimensions of personality in exhibiting OCB and is in line with previous literature (Rashidi & Tafreshi, 2015). According to Berinsterova et al (2021), conscientiousness is essentially a combination of responsibility, motivation, and perseverance. However, men may differ from women in terms of conscientiousness (Karwowski et al, 2013).…”