Production and Characterization of Heterogeneous Catalyst (CaO) from Snail Shell for Biodiesel Production Using Waste Cooking Oil

Abstract

The waste snail shell was screened to determine its efficiency as heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production via trans-esterification reaction. Prior to its use, the solid oxide material (shell) was calcined at 800°C for 4 h to convert CaCO 3 to CaO. Physicochemical analysis of waste cooking oil reveals the acid value (3.47 mg KOH/gm), density (0.9 g/cm 3 ), moisture content (0.1%) and kinematic viscosity (42.2) respectively. The prepared solid oxide catalyst was characterized using X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) methods. The catalytic activity of the catalyst was evaluated by the transesterification reaction under the following reaction conditions: temperature (60°C), time (3 h) and methanol to oil ratio (9:1) respectively. GC-MS analysis was used to characterize the fatty acid methyl ester composition. The research signified successful application of waste snail shell as heterogeneous catalyst for prospective economic preparation of heterogeneous catalyst. It also developed an unconditional avenue for using the waste snail shell as the catalyst.

Modification of Fresh-Water Clamshells (Pilsbryoconcha exilis compressa) as New Raw Material and its Application in the Biodiesel Production of Lard Oil

“…Thus, the temperature of 800 C was suitable for producing the CaO phase as an active material for transforming the lard oil into biodiesel oil. These results and discussion were also agreeable to the reports from Phewphong et al [6], Krishnamurthy et al [20], and Sani et al [33], who have researched the synthesis of CaO material from natural shells. In addition, Figure 3(b) also illustrated XRD patterns of CaO_FWC derived from calcination of Fresh-water Clamshells material.…”